Peace &Security

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53416277","source_type":"link","title":"River Nile dam: Reservoir filling up, Ethiopia confirms","description":"Officials confirm satellite images showing water levels rising, amid failed talks with Egypt and Sudan.","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eRiver Nile dam: Reservoir filling up, Ethiopia confirms\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv width=\"compact\"\u003e\u003carticle\u003e\u003cheader\u003e\u003c/header\u003e\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"View of the dam construction site\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/140A9/production/_113398028_gettyimages-1192325323.jpg\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eimage copyright\u003c/span\u003eGetty Images\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eimage caption\u003c/span\u003eThe dam's construction, seen here in December 2019, began in 2011\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA reservoir behind Ethiopia's disputed Grand Renaissance dam on the River Nile has started filling with water - a day after talks with Egypt and Sudan ended without agreement, officials say. \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthiopian Water Minister Seleshi Bekele confirmed the latest satellite images showing water levels rising.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthiopia sees the hydroelectric project as crucial for its economic growth. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut Egypt and Sudan, which are downstream, fear the large dam will greatly reduce their access to water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYears of fraught negotiations have failed to reach a consensus on how and when to fill the reservoir, and how much water it should release.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEgyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry has previously warned that filling and operating the dam without an agreement \"that protects the downstream communities… would heighten tensions and could provoke crises and conflicts that further destabilise an already troubled region\". \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia, which are both US allies, would put millions of civilians at risk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-did-the-minister-say\"\u003eWhat did the minister say?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn Wednesday, Mr Seleshi told Ethiopian state broadcaster EBC that water had started filling the reservoir \"in line with the natural process\", adding: \"The construction of the dam and the filling of the water go hand in hand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis comments come after satellite images taken between 27 June and 12 July show a steady increase in the amount of water being held back by the dam.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reservoir behind the dam will fill naturally during Ethiopia's rainy season, which began in June and lasts until September.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe latest satellite images caused a wave of excitement in Ethiopia over the $4bn (£3.2bn) Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Gerd) project - but caused concern in Egypt. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Transparent line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png\" width=\"624\" height=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen fully operational, the dam will become the largest hydro-electric plant in Africa, providing power to some 65 million Ethiopians, who currently lack a regular electricity supply. However, Egypt gets almost all of its water from the Nile and fears the dam will reduce supplies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"how-will-the-dam-be-filled\"\u003eHow will the dam be filled?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe minister's announcement has confirmed that rain water has already started to build up. Ethiopia had always said it would fill the dam in July, while Egypt had warned it to delay while talks continued.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the stage that the construction is at \"there is nothing that can stop the reservoir from filling to the low point of the dam\", Dr Kevin Wheeler, who has been following the Gerd project since 2012, told the BBC.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the start of the process in 2011, the dam has been built around the Blue Nile as it continued to flow through the enormous building site.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-graphicuuid=\"84b52f4e-a000-4397-a050-10f09353b30d\" data-idt-uuid=\"84b52f4e-a000-4397-a050-10f09353b30d\" data-component=\"include-block\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-graphicpic=\"true\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/idt2/assets/1bcfc1b0-c6c0-418a-a1ea-d378947ddb59\" alt=\"The Gerd in construction\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReuters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-graphictext=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfrica's biggest hydropower project\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConstruction began\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eon the Blue Nile in 2011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe $4bn cost\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehas been partly met by citizens buying bonds\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe power generated\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewill transform the lives of millions of Ethiopians\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEgypt is worried\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eas it almost entirely relies on the water from the Nile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIt sits downstream\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eof the dam and wants a guaranteed flow of water\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNegotiations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehave so far failed to reach a deal on some key issues\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSource: Reuters/BBC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Transparent line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png\" width=\"624\" height=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilders could work on the vast structures on either side of the river without any problem. In the middle, during the dry season, the river was diverted through culverts, or pipes, to allow that section to be built up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bottom of the middle section is now complete and the river is currently flowing through bypass channels at the foot of the wall.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Presentational grey line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1226D/production/_105894347_grey_line-nc.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"2\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"you-may-also-be-interested-in\"\u003eYou may also be interested in:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Presentational grey line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1226D/production/_105894347_grey_line-nc.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"2\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs the impact of the rainy season begins to be felt at the dam site, the amount of water that can pass through those channels will soon be less than the amount of water entering the area, meaning that it will back up further and add to the lake that will sit behind the dam, Dr Wheeler said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Ethiopian authorities can close the gates on some of the channels to increase the amount of water being held back but this may not be necessary, he added.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"how-long-will-it-take-to-fill\"\u003eHow long will it take to fill?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the first year, the Gerd will retain 4.9 billion cubic meters (bcm) of water, taking it up to the height of the lowest point on the dam wall, allowing Ethiopia to test the first set of turbines. On average, the total annual flow of the Blue Nile is 49bcm. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the dry season the lake will recede a bit, allowing for the dam wall to be built up and in the second year a further 13.5bcm will be retained.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy that time, the water level should have reached the second set of turbines, meaning that the flow of water can be managed more deliberately.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Presentational grey line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1226D/production/_105894347_grey_line-nc.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"2\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"explore-the-nile-with-360-video\"\u003eExplore the Nile with 360 video\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoin Alastair Leithead and his team, travelling in 2018 from the Blue Nile's source to the sea - through Ethiopia and Sudan into Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Presentational grey line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1226D/production/_105894347_grey_line-nc.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"2\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthiopia says it will take between five to seven years to fill up the dam to its maximum flood season capacity of 74bcm. At that point, the lake that will be created could stretch back some 250km (155 miles) upstream. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween each subsequent flood season the reservoir will be lowered to 49.3bcm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Ethiopia dam map\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/4BCE/production/_109560491_river_nile_dam_640-nc.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"986\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"image-block\"\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Transparent line\" src=\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png\" width=\"624\" height=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEgypt, which almost entirely relies on the Nile for its water needs, is concerned that in most years of the filling it is not guaranteed a specific volume of water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd once the filling stage is over, Ethiopia is reluctant to be tied to a figure of how much water to release.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn years of normal or above average rainfall that should not be a problem, but Egypt is nervous about what might happen during prolonged drought.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-component=\"crosshead-block\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-is-happening-with-the-talks\"\u003eWhat is happening with the talks?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNegotiations over the mega dam have failed to reach agreement after nearly a decade of talks between Egypt and Ethiopia, with Sudan caught in between. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLast year, Egypt sought the intervention of the US on the impasse.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEgyptian President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi requested that US President Donald Trump mediate the conflict, which Ethiopia was initially reluctant to accept.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe US and the World Bank got involved but failed to get Ethiopia to sign up to a document agreed with Egypt in February.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the US then said that the dam should not be completed without an agreement, Ethiopia accused the superpower of overstepping its role as a neutral observer. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-component=\"text-block\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe African Union (AU) has now said it will try to find a solution.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003csection data-component=\"see-alsos\"\u003e\u003cul role=\"list\" spacing=\"responsive\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003c/article\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"xDiaCXIsSxz5","author":"BBC News","reading_time":"7 min read","link_sharing":true,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://cic.nyu.edu/publications","source_type":"link","title":"Publications | Center on International Cooperation","description":"We need immediate measures, including air strikes to hold the Taliban outside of Kabul while evacuations continue and leverage all our political capital to reign in the Taliban.","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003ePublications | Center on International Cooperation\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"page\" id=\"page\"\u003e\n \u003cheader id=\"section-header\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"zone-header-wrapper\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/\" rel=\"home\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/logo_1.png\" alt=\"\" id=\"logo\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/header\u003e \n \u003cdiv id=\"section-content\"\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003c!-- \u003ch2\u003e\u003ca href = \"publications/open-letter-cic-fellow-rina-amiri-can-we-act-urgently-prevent-kabul-becoming-biden\"\u003eOpen Letter from CIC Fellow Rina Amiri: Can We Act Urgently to Prevent Kabul Becoming the Biden Administration\u0026#039;s Srebrenica Moment?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e --\u003e\n \n \n\n \u003cp\u003eWe need immediate measures, including air strikes to hold the Taliban outside of Kabul while evacuations continue and leverage all our political capital to reign in the Taliban.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \n\u003cdiv id=\"node-publication-teaser-group-meta\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003clabel\u003ePublication Date: \u003c/label\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan property=\"dc:date\" datatype=\"xsd:dateTime\" content=\"2021-08-13T00:00:00-04:00\"\u003eAug 13, 2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003c!-- \u003ch2\u003e\u003ca href = \"publications/social-contracts-pathway-more-inclusive-societies\"\u003eSocial Contracts: A Pathway for More Inclusive Societies \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e --\u003e\n \n \n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/publications/social-contracts-pathway-more-inclusive-societies\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg typeof=\"foaf:Image\" src=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/styles/front_page_content/public/social_contracts_a_pathway_-_homepage_1.png?itok=By1MMBBh\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eStates and societies are in crisis around the world, as questions arise around the nature and quality of existing social contracts. COVID-19 has laid bare profound vulnerabilities within and across societies. The global pandemic is revealing deep failures in policy visions, institutional fragility, and incapacities of states to harness societal compliance where trust and a sense of national belonging is weak. At the same time, our interdependencies have never been so clear, as all countries, developed and underdeveloped alike, confront similar challenges. Crisis, however, offers opportunity to do things better, to build forward better – strengthening social contracts at all levels. How then, can social contracts, and compacting in times of crisis, offer pathways to address inequality and exclusion?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \n\u003cdiv id=\"node-publication-teaser-group-meta--2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003clabel\u003ePublication Date: \u003c/label\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan property=\"dc:date\" datatype=\"xsd:dateTime\" content=\"2021-08-10T00:00:00-04:00\"\u003eAug 10, 2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003c!-- \u003ch2\u003e\u003ca href = \"publications/ebola-drc-rebels-doctors-and-merchants-violence\"\u003eEbola in the DRC: Rebels, Doctors and Merchants of Violence\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e --\u003e\n \n \n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/publications/ebola-drc-rebels-doctors-and-merchants-violence\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg typeof=\"foaf:Image\" src=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/styles/front_page_content/public/thumbnail.png?itok=fu_WSYUq\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe outbreak of the Ebola virus in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018, the 10th outbreak in the DRC, was the first time that the disease emerged in a conflict zone. This report, the second in a series on the Ebola epidemic, attempts to explain how the epidemic and the transnational effort launched to contain it (the Riposte) was affected by this violence, and how they in turn influenced the armed conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \n\u003cdiv id=\"node-publication-teaser-group-meta--3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003clabel\u003ePublication Date: \u003c/label\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan property=\"dc:date\" datatype=\"xsd:dateTime\" content=\"2021-08-05T00:00:00-04:00\"\u003eAug 05, 2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003c!-- \u003ch2\u003e\u003ca href = \"publications/shared-capital-initiatives-–-redistribution-and-recognition\"\u003eShared Capital Initiatives – for Redistribution and Recognition\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e --\u003e\n \n \n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/publications/shared-capital-initiatives-%E2%80%93-redistribution-and-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg typeof=\"foaf:Image\" src=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/styles/front_page_content/public/cic_website_homepage_events_homepage_thumbnail_5.png?itok=4mmcyp4y\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eShared capital, defined as a broadly distributed pattern of rights over productive assets, can be a powerful instrument to address economic and social inequalities. We argue that initiatives to bring about shared capital can foster both redistribution and recognition, and thereby bring about more inclusive and peaceful societies. Based on experience, we suggest moreover that they are feasible and can be advanced by suitable policies and actions—at local, national, and global levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \n\u003cdiv id=\"node-publication-teaser-group-meta--4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003clabel\u003ePublication Date: \u003c/label\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan property=\"dc:date\" datatype=\"xsd:dateTime\" content=\"2021-07-21T00:00:00-04:00\"\u003eJul 21, 2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003c!-- \u003ch2\u003e\u003ca href = \"publications/bridging-silos-integrating-strategies-across-armed-conflict-violent-crime-and-violent\"\u003eBridging the Silos: Integrating Strategies across Armed Conflict, Violent Crime, and Violent Extremism to Advance the UN’s Prevention Agenda\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e --\u003e\n \n \n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/publications/bridging-silos-integrating-strategies-across-armed-conflict-violent-crime-and-violent\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg typeof=\"foaf:Image\" src=\"https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/styles/front_page_content/public/bridging_the_silos_policy_brief_thumbnail.png?itok=PT1uCmSu\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe consequences of violence worldwide are dire. More than half a million people die from violent deaths each year. In 2019, violence cost the global economy $14.5 trillion USD, or $1,909 USD per person. Countries with armed conflicts account for 80 percent of humanitarian spending. Beyond these cold numbers, the human toll of violence results in the suffering of families, trauma-affected communities, and increased fear and hopelessness. Different types of violence—such as crime, violent extremism, and armed conflict—are often interlinked and share risk and resilience factors. Although currently siloed, the UN system has the capacities and knowledge to develop approaches to prevention that cut across interlinked forms of violence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \n\u003cdiv id=\"node-publication-teaser-group-meta--5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003clabel\u003ePublication Date: \u003c/label\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan property=\"dc:date\" datatype=\"xsd:dateTime\" content=\"2021-07-12T00:00:00-04:00\"\u003eJul 12, 2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e \n \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"ITmErXBd8gmk","author":"Author(s) / Contributor(s): Rina Amiri","reading_time":"5 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.rand.org/topics/security-cooperation.html","source_type":"link","title":"Security Cooperation","description":"The NATO alliance served its participants well in countering the strategic threat once posed by the Soviet Union, but the rise of other regional powers and coalitions since end of the Cold War has prompted a reevaluation of existing alliances. RAND research has provided policymakers with essential information on how best to forge new defense cooperation agreements and strengthen old alliances to counter emerging security threats.","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eSecurity Cooperation\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\n\u003cul id=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#page-content\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSkip to page content\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cheader id=\"header\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003c/header\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"content\"\u003e\n\u003cnav id=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRAND\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/topics.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eTopics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/topics/security-cooperation.html\" aria-current=\"page\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u0026gt;Security Cooperation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/nav\u003e\n\u003cmain id=\"page-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"srch\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"featured\"\u003eFeatured\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe NATO alliance served its participants well in countering the strategic threat once posed by the Soviet Union, but the rise of other regional powers and coalitions since end of the Cold War has prompted a reevaluation of existing alliances. RAND research has provided policymakers with essential information on how best to forge new defense cooperation agreements and strengthen old alliances to counter emerging security threats.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul data-teaser-id=\"tlp-featured\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-content-id=\"RRA250-2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-2.html\" data-img-align=\"middle center\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-2/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.0x430.jpg/x1623719418483.jpg.pagespeed.ic.8XVMgULO1q.webp\" alt=\"The colors are retired during a ceremony marking the end of the U.S. mission in Iraq in Baghdad on December 15, 2011, photo by Erin A. Kirk-Cuomo/U.S. Department of Defense\" width=\"576\" height=\"430\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"using-us-leverage-to-limit-instability-in-fragile-states\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eUsing U.S. Leverage to Limit Instability in Fragile States\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States can effectively support governance reforms in postconflict states by seizing on opportunities when partner interests align with U.S. interests. And it can use its leverage, including conditions on military and economic assistance, when interests do not align.\u003c!--\u003c/p--\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-content-id=\"4aa81de0fade8248a9381e9d33710b22ce3daf95\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/a-taiwan-contingency-and-japans-counterstrike-debate.html\" data-img-align=\"top center\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/a-taiwan-contingency-and-japans-counterstrike-debate/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.0x430.jpg/x1627079085465.jpg.pagespeed.ic.EhBJXOkjTI.webp\" alt=\"The USS \u0026lt;em\u0026gt;Bonhomme Richard\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;, left, and USS \u0026lt;em\u0026gt;Green Bay\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt; docked at White Beach Naval Facility, Okinawa, Japan, March 5, 2015, photo by Lt. David Levy/U.S. Navy\" width=\"576\" height=\"430\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"a-taiwan-contingency-and-japans-counterstrike-debate\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/a-taiwan-contingency-and-japans-counterstrike-debate.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eA Taiwan Contingency and Japan's Counterstrike Debate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States and Japan could be drawn into a conflict in the event of Chinese aggression against Taiwan whether they like it or not. Allied defense planning could consider how Japan might further reinforce deterrence and if necessary improve its ability to contribute to the common defense.\u003c!--\u003c/p--\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"explore-security-cooperation\"\u003eExplore Security Cooperation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"results\"\u003e\n\u003cform id=\"filter-form\" action=\"/topics/security-cooperation.html\" method=\"get\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli aria-haspopup=\"true\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFilter By\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBy Type\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003clabel for=\"content-type\"\u003eBy Type\u003c/label\u003e\n\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-haspopup=\"true\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFilter By\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAll Authors\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003clabel for=\"contributor\"\u003eAll Authors\u003c/label\u003e\n\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cspan id=\"filter-submit\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/form\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1007-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA1007-1/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1627396126811.jpg.pagespeed.ic.PWT8oUOJc9.webp\" alt=\"Topographic map showing Russia and the Arctic region, image by FrankRamspott/Getty Images\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"exploring-gaps-in-arctic-governance\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1007-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eExploring Gaps in Arctic Governance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConditions in the Arctic region are evolving, driven by such factors as climate change, economics, and geopolitics. What are the risks that come with these changes—and how could governance in the Arctic adapt to mitigate them?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/disrespecting-europe-could-cost-russia.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/disrespecting-europe-could-cost-russia/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1627390912332.jpg.pagespeed.ic.bws768xnf3.webp\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin, French President Emmanuel Macron, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel at a summit in Paris, France, December 10, 2019, photo by Charles Platiau/Pool via Reuters\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"disrespecting-europe-could-cost-russia\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/disrespecting-europe-could-cost-russia.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDisrespecting Europe Could Cost Russia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWestern unity is critical to addressing authoritarian challenges. Brexit, immigration, leadership transition in Germany, and COVID-19 provide grist for Russian propaganda claims of European weakness. But unified EU action on Ukraine, Navalny, and Belarus shows that Europe is a force with which to be reckoned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA924-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/placeholders/teasers/report.svg\" alt=\"Report\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"strategic-airlift-in-africa-understanding-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-movement-coordination-centre-europe\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA924-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eStrategic Airlift in Africa: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for the Movement Coordination Centre Europe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Movement Coordination Centre Europe commissioned RAND Europe to conduct a scoping study to understand constraints of operating in Africa, as well as barriers to the efficient coordination of airlift and other logistic support in the continent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/china-and-the-taliban-begin-their-romance.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/china-and-the-taliban-begin-their-romance/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1626983825537.jpg.pagespeed.ic.qhTdQwS4b_.webp\" alt=\"Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar and other Taliban delegation members attend the Afghan peace conference in Moscow, Russia, March 18, 2021, photo by Alexander Zemlianichenko/Pool via Reuters\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"china-and-the-taliban-begin-their-romance\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/china-and-the-taliban-begin-their-romance.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eChina and the Taliban Begin Their Romance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe upcoming U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan will remove the most formidable obstacle to total Taliban takeover of the country. China is set to benefit significantly if the Taliban come to power again. It is worth following this dynamic closely in the coming weeks and months.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/americas-strategy-in-oceania-time-for-a-better-approach.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/americas-strategy-in-oceania-time-for-a-better-approach/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1626727090077.jpg.pagespeed.ic.kYGATkrjEl.webp\" alt=\"An I-Kiribati girl watches as the Military Sealift Command joint high-speed vessel USNS Millinocket arrives in Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati, June 2, 2015, photo by Chief Petty Officer Jonathan Kulp/U.S. Navy\" width=\"250\" height=\"187\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"americas-strategy-in-oceania-time-for-a-better-approach\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/americas-strategy-in-oceania-time-for-a-better-approach.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAmerica's Strategy in Oceania: Time for a Better Approach\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChina has moved in earnest to engage with Oceania, while the United States is vying to get a toehold in the region. To develop an effective strategy for engaging there, Washington could seek guidance from key allies to better understand their experience, lessons, and efforts already underway.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/mind-the-gap.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/mind-the-gap/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1626390592517.jpg.pagespeed.ic.lpDINkRb19.webp\" alt=\"Aerial of Thule Air Base, Greenland, photo by JoAnne Castagna, Public Affairs/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"mind-the-gap\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/mind-the-gap.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMind the Gap\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor decades, NATO forces have used nearby bases to keep tabs on Russian submarines, surface ships, and aircraft transiting the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom Gap. Strong independence movements in Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Scotland could soon jeopardize this position.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2021/07/13/expert-insights-understanding-the-value-of-defence.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/multimedia/audio/2021/07/13/expert-insights-understanding-the-value-of-defence/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1625764713427.jpg.pagespeed.ic.oTjKrZxWFG.webp\" alt=\"Image of a HAR2 Bell Griffin helicopter, seen here at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus on 4 July 2021 assisting with efforts to tackle wildfires across Cyprus, photo by Cpl Phil Dye/UK Ministry of Defence Crown Copyright\" width=\"251\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultimedia\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"expert-insights-understanding-the-value-of-defence\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2021/07/13/expert-insights-understanding-the-value-of-defence.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eExpert Insights: Understanding the Value of Defence\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRAND Europe Defence, Security and Infrastructure director Ruth Harris and Research Leader James Black examine the ‘value proposition’ of UK defence in this audio conversation. They explore how the value it brings to the nation can be better articulated across government, to partners and to the wider public.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA529-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA529-1/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1625530161419.jpg.pagespeed.ic.i-XRVmuE0D.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"understanding-the-value-of-defence-towards-a-defence-value-proposition-for-the-uk\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA529-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eUnderstanding the Value of Defence: Towards a Defence Value Proposition for the UK\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe UK Ministry of Defence asked RAND to develop a 'Defence Value Proposition' to provide a better understanding of why defence exists and how the value it brings to the nation can be better articulated to government, partners and the wider public.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/the-power-and-limits-of-threat-the-caesar-syrian-civilian.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/the-power-and-limits-of-threat-the-caesar-syrian-civilian/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1625775952667.jpg.pagespeed.ic.YkIsvDje82.webp\" alt=\"A soldier loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad's forces is seen in Quneitra, Syria, July 22, 2018\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"the-power-and-limits-of-threat-the-caesar-syrian-civilian-protection-act-at-one-year\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/the-power-and-limits-of-threat-the-caesar-syrian-civilian.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eThe Power and Limits of Threat: The Caesar Syrian Civilian Protection Act at One Year\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA powerful new U.S. sanctions law on Syria came into effect one year ago, with great notice and speculation regarding its potential effects. Now, one year later, it is apparent that the act's power lies not in who the United States has sanctioned but in who the United States could sanction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/bidens-troubled-southeast-asia-policy-needs-a-reboot.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/07/bidens-troubled-southeast-asia-policy-needs-a-reboot/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1625626201755.jpg.pagespeed.ic.iTMzzTgEyU.webp\" alt=\"Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman meets with Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha at Government House in Bangkok, Thailand, June 2, 2021, photo by U.S. Embassy Bangkok\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"bidens-troubled-southeast-asia-policy-needs-a-reboot\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/bidens-troubled-southeast-asia-policy-needs-a-reboot.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBiden's Troubled Southeast Asia Policy Needs a Reboot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNearly six months into Joe Biden's presidency, it is now possible to begin assessing the effectiveness of some of his administration's policies. When it comes to Southeast Asia, the Biden administration has thus far fallen short, but the future looks relatively bright with certain caveats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-1/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1626797061195.jpg.pagespeed.ic.tXDUc56M-J.webp\" alt=\"The colors are retired during a ceremony marking the end of the U.S. mission in Iraq in Baghdad on Dec. 15, 2011, photo by Erin A. Kirk-Cuomo/U.S. Department of Defense\" width=\"250\" height=\"187\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"securing-gains-in-fragile-states-using-us-leverage-in-iraq-afghanistan-and-beyond\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA250-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSecuring Gains in Fragile States: Using U.S. Leverage in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Beyond\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis report evaluates U.S. options for stabilizing conflict-affected states by incentivizing governance reforms through military and development assistance in the context of U.S. military interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/indonesia-is-quietly-warming-up-to-china.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/06/indonesia-is-quietly-warming-up-to-china/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1623259925826.jpg.pagespeed.ic.-nH2R23xEw.webp\" alt=\"Indonesia's President Joko Widodo speaks to China's President Xi Jinping at the G-20 summit, in Osaka, Japan, June 28, 2019, photo by Tomohiro Ohsumi/Pool via Reuters\" width=\"251\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"indonesia-is-quietly-warming-up-to-china\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/indonesia-is-quietly-warming-up-to-china.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eIndonesia Is Quietly Warming Up to China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImproving China-Indonesia relations could have profound geostrategic significance for the United States. Washington may want to focus on assistance that would benefit Indonesia itself, not just the United States in its competition with China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/the-biden-moon-meetings-much-ado-about-something.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/06/the-biden-moon-meetings-much-ado-about-something/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1622842722918.jpg.pagespeed.ic.8ETv3llyEI.webp\" alt=\"President Joe Biden participates in a restricted bilateral meeting with South Korean President Moon Jae-in in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., May 21, 2021, photo by Adam Schultz/Official White House Photo\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"the-biden-moon-meetings-much-ado-about-something\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/the-biden-moon-meetings-much-ado-about-something.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eThe Biden-Moon Meetings: Much Ado About Something?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe May summit meeting between U.S. President Joe Biden and South Korean President Moon Jae-in elicited a wide range of opinion about its value. With diplomacy-first progressives in power simultaneously in both nations for the first time in two decades, even subtle gains may be significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/us-rok-summit-assessing-moons-vaccine-and-peace-promises.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/06/us-rok-summit-assessing-moons-vaccine-and-peace-promises/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1622765580197.jpg.pagespeed.ic.dShnI-K4ld.webp\" alt=\"South Korean President Moon Jae-in and U.S. President Joe Biden hold a joint news conference at the White House, in Washington, D.C., May 21, 2021, photo by Jonathan Ernst/Reuters\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"us-rok-summit-assessing-moons-vaccine-and-peace-promises\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/06/us-rok-summit-assessing-moons-vaccine-and-peace-promises.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eU.S.-ROK Summit: Assessing Moon's Vaccine and Peace Promises\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden and South Korean President Moon Jae-in held their first in-person summit in Washington in May. But beyond the formalities, how fruitful was this first sit-down, face-to-face, no-mask meeting for Moon?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4412z2.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR4412z2/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1622563916033.jpg.pagespeed.ic.BJOl0IKloO.webp\" alt=\"An Indian Air Force Dassault Rafale fighter\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"regional-responses-to-us-china-competition-in-the-indo-pacific-india\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4412z2.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRegional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: India\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis report examines the potential benefits of, and potential impediments to, partnering more closely with India in long-term strategic competition with China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/indias-brittle-confidence-in-america.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/05/indias-brittle-confidence-in-america/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1623864883128.jpg.pagespeed.ic.z_nxmUzIfo.webp\" alt=\"India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi attends a meeting at the United Nations in New York City, New York, September 24, 2019, photo by Jonathan Ernst/Reuters\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"indias-brittle-confidence-in-america\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/indias-brittle-confidence-in-america.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eIndia's Brittle Confidence in America\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDemocracies are supposed to get along. But that has not always been the case for the United States and India. From New Delhi's perspective, there are significant irritants in U.S.-India ties. Any of these could derail an otherwise positive relationship.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/blinkens-arctic-opportunities.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/05/blinkens-arctic-opportunities/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1621470402925.jpg.pagespeed.ic.gp3RsT90Ai.webp\" alt=\"USS Connecticut submarine crew members after surfacing in the Arctic Circle during Ice Exercise, a biennial submarine exercise that promotes interoperability between allies and partners in Alaska, March 7, 2020, photo by Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Michael B. Zingaro/U.S. Navy\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"blinkens-arctic-opportunities\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/blinkens-arctic-opportunities.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBlinken's Arctic Opportunities\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContinued positive U.S. engagement in the Arctic Council could be important for balancing the influence of Russia and China, and in moving toward the Biden administration's climate change goals. Washington's new priority on climate change could be an issue that will now bind, rather than divide, Arctic states.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/what-the-united-states-wants-from-japan-in-taiwan.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://wwwassets.rand.org/content/rand/blog/2021/05/what-the-united-states-wants-from-japan-in-taiwan/jcr:content/par/teaser.aspectfit.250x0.jpg/x1620692896791.jpg.pagespeed.ic.EIKH4IvC5q.webp\" alt=\"U.S. President Joe Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga hold a joint news conference at the White House in Washington, D.C., April, 16, 2021, photo by Doug Mills/Pool/Sipa USA/Reuters\" width=\"250\" height=\"186\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommentary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"what-the-united-states-wants-from-japan-in-taiwan\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/05/what-the-united-states-wants-from-japan-in-taiwan.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWhat the United States Wants from Japan in Taiwan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf a Taiwan conflict breaks out, what might the United States request of Japan? For the U.S.-Japan alliance, the answer is critical if the countries want to translate expressions of support into actual planning and preparation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/main\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"YCEmyKhnz1Sv","author":null,"reading_time":"10 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"http://www.plusops.com/security-cooperation","source_type":"link","title":"Security Cooperation —","description":"Exporting Security","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eSecurity Cooperation —\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv data-type=\"page\" data-updated-on=\"1573153838616\" id=\"page-5db93e90ea3e1a497464c58f\" data-content-field=\"main-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-fec868a9cb978bc823b4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity Cooperation is a term used to describe United States government programs which support partner nation defense establishments, and build international defense relationships. These programs develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations. Security Cooperation activities are planned and executed through various laws, regulations, and sources of funding. Knowledge of U.S. Security Cooperation programs offers valuable insight for governments, academic institutions, industry, and Non-Governmental Organizations, permitting them to interpret, execute, and anticipate U.S. Security Cooperation policy and investments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-html='\u0026lt;iframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/yR6NZlntTPk?wmode=opaque\u0026amp;enablejsapi=1\" height=\"480\" width=\"854\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt;' data-provider-name=\"YouTube\" id=\"block-1587eb433bccb6ffcf91\" data-block-json='{\"blockAnimation\":\"none\",\"layout\":\"caption-hidden\",\"overlay\":false,\"description\":{\"html\":\"Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.\"},\"html\":\"\u0026lt;iframe src=\\\"//www.youtube.com/embed/yR6NZlntTPk?wmode=opaque\u0026amp;amp;enablejsapi=1\\\" height=\\\"480\\\" width=\\\"854\\\" scrolling=\\\"no\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allowfullscreen=\\\"\\\"\u0026gt;\\n\u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt;\",\"url\":\"https://youtu.be/yR6NZlntTPk\",\"width\":854,\"height\":480,\"providerName\":\"YouTube\",\"resolvedBy\":\"youtube\"}' data-block-type=\"32\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/yR6NZlntTPk?wmode=opaque\u0026amp;enablejsapi=1\" height=\"480\" width=\"854\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1629257108975_79\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-4560bef5bea7aac1124e\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"legal-authorizations\"\u003eLegal Authorizations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious authorizations found in Title 10 and Title 22 of United States Code authorize global Security Cooperation and Security Assistance activities. Understanding the legislative process provides strategic insight on U.S. policy and objectives. This allows governments, academia, non-governmental organizations, and industry to efficiently dedicate regional and global resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-5b3887b6ece7c4dadb16\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"project-execution\"\u003eproject execution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExecution of Security Cooperation activities takes place in a complex web of finances, laws, regulations, and other physical and bureaucratic infrastructures. Management of these processes demands both broad and detailed knowledge of regional and international laws, industry standards, and market conditions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-97b99e404a1def014d3b\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"budgeting-and-appropriations\"\u003eBudgeting and appropriations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile many broad authorities exist to execute Security Cooperation activities, resource limitations demand tightly controlled funding. Whereas many authorizations are permanently valid, funds may only be appropriated for one to two years. Being prepared to capitalize on limited windows for funding is instrumental to successful execution of Security Cooperation programs. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-2cd700e136de879b0dec\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"logistics\"\u003elogistics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSustainment and support of Security Cooperation programs are instrumental to long-term success and the permanent development of new capabilities. Security Cooperation programs use a variety of unique transportation, supply, and maintenance mechanisms which must be understood and executed properly to operate efficiently and effectively. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-ff573d5d09e237e9b25f\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"strategic-planning\"\u003eStrategic planning\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecurity Cooperation activities support U.S. global policies and objectives. Proposed projects are closely scrutinized to ensure they align with objectives throughout the complex hierarchy of Department of Defense and Department of State planning processes. By understanding the planning hierarchy, proposed projects are more likely to be approved, and funding provided.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-block-type=\"2\" id=\"block-3cd05fb40b1951ee75c1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"assessment-monitoring-evaluation\"\u003eAssessment, Monitoring \u0026amp; evaluation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the Executive and Legislative branches of government demand evidence that Security Cooperation projects are effective in meeting U.S. policy and objectives. It is imperative that stakeholders in Security Cooperation programs understand this process, and ensure activities maintain the support of the U.S. government. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"EH8pVOxjVbMv","author":null,"reading_time":"3 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/thematic-general-issues","source_type":"link","title":"Thematic and General Issues : Security Council Report","description":"List of all Thematic and General Issues : Security Council Report","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eThematic and General Issues : Security Council Report\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"scr-independent-impartial-informative\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSCR: Independent. Impartial. Informative\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t \u003cp\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity Council Report\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t711 Third Avenue, Suite 1501\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNew York, NY 10017\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTelephone 212-759-9429\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFax 212-759-4038\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail \u003ca href=\"mailto:[email protected]\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\[email protected]\u003c/a\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDesign: \u003ca href=\"http://point5.com/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePoint Five, NY\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWeb development: \u003ca href=\"mailto:[email protected]\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMichael Murphy\u003c/a\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\n Follow us:  \n \n \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SCRtweets\" onmouseout=\"MM_swapImgRestore()\" onmouseover=\"MM_swapImage('twitter','','/wp-content/themes/scr2018/_resources/img/global/icon_twitter_on.gif',1)\" target=\"_blank\" onclick=\"_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'twitter-follow', 'interior-footer', ' ']);\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.securitycouncilreport.org/wp-content/themes/scr2018/_resources/img/global/icon_twitter.gif\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" alt=\"twitter\" name=\"twitter\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e  \n \n \u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/index.xml\" onmouseout=\"MM_swapImgRestore()\" onmouseover=\"MM_swapImage('rss','','/wp-content/themes/scr2018/_resources/img/global/icon_rss_on.gif',1)\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.securitycouncilreport.org/wp-content/themes/scr2018/_resources/img/global/icon_rss.gif\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" alt=\"rss\" name=\"rss\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n \n \u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"5qKE6M5nBbMW","author":"UN","reading_time":"2 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.crisisgroup.org/","source_type":"link","title":"Crisis Group","description":"The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving deadly conflict","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eCrisis Group\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv role=\"document\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"0\" lang=\"en\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cpicture\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003cvideo style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-xlarge/s3/Afghanistan%20Laurel%20Piece-24Aug2021-1.jpg?itok=zuXZpc_D 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 1124px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-large/s3/Afghanistan%20Laurel%20Piece-24Aug2021-1.jpg?itok=tKhmnKJI 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 1080px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-large/s3/Afghanistan%20Laurel%20Piece-24Aug2021-1.jpg?itok=tKhmnKJI 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 760px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://www.crisisgroup.org/s3/files/styles/16x9-medium/s3/Afghanistan%20Laurel%20Piece-24Aug2021-1.jpg?itok=usvI7I4x 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\"\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003c/video\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" title=\"\" src=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/bg_colored_1x1.png\"\u003e\n\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eI\u003cspan title=\"we see\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1648187943044\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003et is too soon to know for sure what Afghanistan’s new government will look like and what policies it will pursue. This briefing note highlights several key issues to watch.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\"\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"a-time-for-talks-toward-dialogue-between-the-gulf-arab-states-and-iran\"\u003e\n\u003cspan title=\"we see\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1648187943044\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/226-time-talks-toward-dialogue-between-gulf-arab-states-and-iran\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"we see\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1648187943044\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003eA Time for Talks: Toward Dialogue between the Gulf Arab States and Iran\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe Gulf Arab states have perceived threats from Iran since the 1979 revolution. Frictions have lessened of late, offering an important opportunity. Riyadh and Abu Dhabi should keep engaging Tehran with an eye to initiating the broadest possible talks on regional peace and security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"videos-photography\"\u003e\nVideos \u0026amp; Photography\n\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe Spring Update of the Watch List 2021 includes entries on Myanmar, Yemen, Bolivia, Nigeria and Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eFor an International Women’s Day special episode of Hold Your Fire!, Naz Modirzadeh and Richard Atwood talk to Azadeh Moaveni, Crisis Group’s gender and conflict expert, about the Women, Peace and Security agenda and Crisis Group’s work on gender and conflict.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"visual-explainers\"\u003e\nVisual Explainers\n\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cpicture\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003cvideo style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/RTX99K88(Hero).JPG?itok=BU_z0Ssg 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 1080px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/RTX99K88(Hero).JPG?itok=BU_z0Ssg 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 760px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/RTX99K88(Hero).JPG?itok=BU_z0Ssg 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\"\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003c/video\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" title=\"\" src=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/bg_colored_1x1.png\"\u003e\n\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cpicture\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003cvideo style=\"display: none;\"\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/DSC_0034.jpg?itok=1hzw8_Sp 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 1080px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/DSC_0034.jpg?itok=1hzw8_Sp 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 760px)\"\u003e\n\u003csource data-srcset=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/styles/16x9-medium/s3/DSC_0034.jpg?itok=1hzw8_Sp 1x\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\"\u003e\n\u003c!--[if IE 9]\u003e\u003c/video\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" title=\"\" src=\"https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/bg_colored_1x1.png\"\u003e\n\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/source\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"about-crisis-group\"\u003eAbout Crisis Group\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe International Crisis Group is an independent organisation \u003cstrong\u003eworking to prevent wars and shape policies that will build a more peaceful world\u003c/strong\u003e. We sound the alarm to prevent deadly conflict. We build support for the good governance and inclusive politics that enable societies to flourish. We engage directly with a range of conflict actors to seek and share information, and to encourage intelligent action for peace.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.crisisgroup.org/who-we-are\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\nKnow more \u003cspan\u003e\u003csvg\u003e\u003cuse xlink:href=\"#arrow-right\"\u003e\u003c/use\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"support-us\"\u003eSupport Us\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nYour investment helps us to meet the growing demand for our work as we confront a terrible trend toward more wars, more civilians killed and more people displaced worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.crisisgroup.org/donate\" title=\"Donate now\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\nDonate now \u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.crisisgroup.org/who-we-are\" title=\"Learn What We Do\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\nLearn What We Do \u003cspan\u003e\u003csvg\u003e\u003cuse xlink:href=\"#arrow-right\"\u003e\u003c/use\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch4 id=\"subscribe-to-crisis-groups-email-updates\"\u003eSubscribe to Crisis Group's Email Updates\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSUBSCRIBE\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nReceive the best source of field research and practical policy recommendations right in your inbox\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cscript defer src=\"https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v652eace1692a40cfa3763df669d7439c1639079717194\" integrity=\"sha512-Gi7xpJR8tSkrpF7aordPZQlW2DLtzUlZcumS8dMQjwDHEnw9I7ZLyiOj/6tZStRBGtGgN6ceN6cMH8z7etPGlw==\" data-cf-beacon='{\"rayId\":\"6f156ad80fa19cd3\",\"version\":\"2021.12.0\",\"r\":1,\"token\":\"0da7b2c6110b422fbe8e09d502d49761\",\"si\":100}' crossorigin=\"anonymous\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\n\u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"9VccQPfesouX","author":null,"reading_time":"5 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/resources#Research-and-Analysis-NGOs","source_type":"link","title":"Resources : Security Council Report","description":"Resources : Security Council Report","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eResources : Security Council Report\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"content\"\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\u003cp id=\"content-header\"\u003e\n \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"resources\"\u003eResources\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n \n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n\t\n \n\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv id=\"sidebar\"\u003e \n \n\t\t\t\t \n \t\t\t\t\u003cul id=\"highlights\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/events/calendar\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCouncil Schedule for Today\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/programme-of-work/2021/08/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCouncil Work Programme for Aug\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-security-council-working-methods/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCouncil Working Methods\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch4 id=\"latest-publications\"\u003eLatest Publications\u003c/h4\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cul\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e21 June 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"the-un-security-council-and-climate-change\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/the-un-security-council-and-climate-change.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eThe UN Security Council and Climate Change\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eWhile climate mitigation and adaptation measures are within the purview of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and contributions to such measures are outlined in the Paris Agreement, many Security Council members view climate change as a security threat worthy of the Council’s attention. Other members do not. One of the difficulties in considering whether or not the Council should play a role (and a theme of this report) is that there are different interpretations of what is appropriate for the Security Council to do in discharging its Charter-given mandate to maintain international peace and security.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e2 June 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"security-council-elections-2021\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/security-council-elections-2021.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSecurity Council Elections 2021\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eOn 11 June, the 75th session of the UN General Assembly is scheduled to hold elections for the Security Council.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e19 June 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"women-peace-and-security-the-agenda-at-20\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/women-peace-and-security-the-agenda-at-20.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWomen, Peace and Security: The Agenda at 20\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eThis is the sixth research report by Security Council Report (SCR) dedicated to the women, peace and security agenda.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e28 May 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"security-council-elections-2020\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/security-council-elections-2020.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eSecurity Council Elections 2020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eOn 17 June, the 74th session of the UN General Assembly is scheduled to hold elections for the Security Council.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e4 February 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"prioritisation-and-sequencing-of-council-mandates-walking-the-walk\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/prioritisation-and-sequencing-of-council-mandates-walking-the-walk.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePrioritisation and Sequencing of Council Mandates: Walking the Walk?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eThe Security Council, the UN Secretariat and external assessments have emphasised how better prioritisation and sequencing of Council mandates could contribute to the effectiveness of peace operations. Building on examples from several peace operations—including peacekeeping and special political missions—this report identifies the obstacles that the Council and the Secretariat face in applying these concepts. While acknowledging the structural challenges, the report makes recommendations that would pave the way for incremental changes in how the Council, the Secretariat and field missions approach the mandating process.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\u003cli\u003e\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003e23 December 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch5 id=\"the-rule-of-law-retreat-from-accountability\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/research-reports/the-rule-of-law-retreat-from-accountability.php\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eThe Rule of Law: Retreat from Accountability\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eResearch Report\u003c/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eThis is Security Council Report’s fifth research report on the rule of law. In it, we continue to explore the Security Council’s work in upholding individual criminal accountability as an aspect of its rule of law agenda in the context of its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. Through an examination of four situations the Council deals with regularly—Myanmar, Syria, Ukraine, and Yemen—the research report takes stock of and assesses the Council’s current attitude and actions in respect of accountability.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n \t\t\n\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n \n \n \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"4BRw6xkuD6h5","author":null,"reading_time":"12 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":false,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}

{"user_id":1778,"source":"https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ukraine","source_type":"link","title":"Conflict in Ukraine | Global Conflict Tracker","description":"Learn about the world's top hotspots with this interactive Global Conflict Tracker from the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations.","html":"\u003c!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd\"\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\n\u003ch1 id=\"cr-title\"\u003eConflict in Ukraine | Global Conflict Tracker\u003c/h1\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"cr-content\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"readability-page-1\" class=\"page\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-attacks-ukraine-by-air-land-and-sea\"\u003eRussia Attacks Ukraine by Air, Land, and Sea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan title=\"\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1645757896294\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003eRussian tanks and armored vehicles rolled into Ukraine on three fronts in a large-scale invasion that began early this morning. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky declared martial law and called for Ukrainians with battle experience to take up arms to defend the country (\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/07bbc5c7-e620-4734-83b5-7bb261363c35?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb24\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1645757896294\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003eFinancial Times\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan title=\"\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1645757896294\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003e). Ukraine said more than forty soldiers and up to ten civilians have been killed so far, and at least six Russian planes and one helicopter had been shot down during the ongoing invasion (\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_617860a16cf939493501cb12137bf38b\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1645757896294\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003eCNN\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan title=\"\" style=\"background-color: #FFCC99\" data-note-id=\"cr-note-wrapper-1645757896294\" class=\"cr-note-wrapper\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden said “the world will hold Russia accountable” and announced new sanctions today, which could target four of Russia’s largest banks, its oil and gas industry, and U.S. technology exports to the country (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/ukraine-russia-invasion-putin?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb24\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief#biden-plans-to-impose-harsher-sanctions-on-russia\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e).European Union leaders also announced new sanctions, pledging they would be “the harshest package of sanctions we have ever implemented” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-launch-new-sanctions-against-russia-over-barbaric-attack-ukraine-2022-02-24/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). U.S. troops in Poland are preparing to receive Ukrainian refugees (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/world/europe/us-troops-poland-ukraine-russia.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 24, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"australia-canada-and-japan-join-countries-sanctioning-russia-over-ukraine\"\u003eAustralia, Canada, and Japan Join Countries Sanctioning Russia Over Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three countries joined the United States, European Union, and United Kingdom in announcing sanctions against Russia after it sent troops to two Ukrainian regions and recognized them as independent states (\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/international/595427-australia-canada-and-japan-impose-sanctions-on-russia-over-ukraine?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb23\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eThe Hill\u003c/a\u003e). U.S. President Joe Biden called Russia’s actions the beginning of an invasion of Ukraine and warned of harsher penalties if Moscow escalates (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/world/europe/biden-ukraine-speech-transcript.html?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb23\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken canceled a meeting planned for tomorrow with his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov, but said the United States would continue to pursue diplomacy if Russia de-escalates (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/world/europe/blinken-cancels-meeting-with-his-russian-counterpart.html?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb23\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Ukraine announced a nationwide emergency and called on its citizens to leave Russia and military reservists to report for active duty (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-kyiv-626a8c5ec22217bacb24ece60fac4fe1\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"world-responds-after-putin-orders-troops-to-breakaway-ukrainian-regions\"\u003eWorld Responds After Putin Orders Troops to Breakaway Ukrainian Regions\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGermany suspended the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline amid a raft of international responses to Russian President Vladimir Putin ordering troops to separatist regions in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-germany-europe-berlin-79e3dafb0d231f6a033613b7dab78cdf?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb22\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). In a speech yesterday, Putin recognized the independence of the self-declared republics of Donetsk and Luhansk and challenged Ukraine’s nationhood (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/22/rewriting-history-putin-pitches-russia-as-defender-of-an-expanding-motherland-a76518\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\nSeparately, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said Putin’s order violates Ukraine’s sovereignty, and the UN Security Council held an emergency meeting last night. The United States announced new sanctions on Donetsk and Luhansk and said more will follow; European Union (EU) leaders are also preparing sanctions (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/21/us/politics/russia-ukraine-biden-response.html?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb22\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"united-states-says-russian-president-vladimir-putin-has-decided-to-invade-ukraine\"\u003eUnited States Says Russian President Vladimir Putin Has Decided to Invade Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden said he is now convinced that Russian President Vladimir Putin has made the decision to invade Ukraine; the announcement came after reports of increased shelling in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/18/politics/joe-biden-russia-ukraine/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-to-conference-with-nato-allies-on-ukraine\"\u003eBiden to Conference with NATO Allies on Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden will hold a call with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies to discuss soaring tensions in Eastern Ukraine. The Ukrainian government and pro-Russia rebels reported a second straight day of increased shelling in the region (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/18/world/ukraine-russia-news?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb18\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief#after-a-night-of-heavy-shelling-tensions-simmer-in-eastern-ukraine-as-crisis-deepens\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/shelling-breaks-out-east-ukraine-west-moscow-dispute-troop-moves-2022-02-17/?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb18\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris is in Germany, where she will meet with European leaders at the kickoff of the Munich Security Conference (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/17/1081329302/vice-president-harris-is-meeting-leaders-in-munich-to-talk-about-russia-and-ukra?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb18\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e). The United States warned the UN Security Council yesterday that Russia is allegedly planning a full-scale attack on Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-on-russias-threat-to-peace-and-security-at-the-un-security-council/?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb18\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eState Department\u003c/a\u003e). The U.S. envoy to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) said Russia has up to 190,000 troops stationed in and around Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/18/russia-ukraine-news-crisis-latest-putin-biden-kyiv-russian-invasion-threat-troops-border-live-updates?page=with:block-620f8e788f086f7273b88076-pinned\u0026amp;utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb18\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief#block-620f8e788f086f7273b88076-pinned\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-forces-and-pro-russia-separatists-trade-accusations-of-shelling-in-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eUkrainian Forces and Pro-Russia Separatists Trade Accusations of Shelling in Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian forces and Pro-Russia separatists accused each other of opening fire as shelling broke out in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/17/world/europe/stanytsia-lushankya-shelling.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, an unnamed senior official said that Russia had sent seven thousand more troops to areas around Ukraine rather than drawing down troops as promised (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/16/world/europe/ukraine-russia-putin-nato.html?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb17\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, Russia expelled the deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in Moscow (\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/russia-expelled-deputy-chief-us-diplomatic-mission-moscow-82954435\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eABC News\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"united-states-warns-russia-against-attacking-ukraine\"\u003eUnited States Warns Russia Against Attacking Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring remarks at the White House, U.S. President Joe Biden pledged to give diplomacy every chance to prevent a Russian invasion of Ukraine and warned Russia against starting a war of choice (\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/02/15/remarks-by-president-biden-providing-an-update-on-russia-and-ukraine/?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb16\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWhite House\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Ukraine suggested Russia was behind a cyberattack affecting the Ukranian army, defense ministry, and major banks; Moscow denied responsibility (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-pullout-meets-uk-scepticism-ukraine-defence-website-still-hacked-2022-02-16/?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb16\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-announces-partial-troop-withdrawal-from-ukrainian-border\"\u003eRussia Announces Partial Troop Withdrawal from Ukrainian Border\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia’s military announced that some troops will return to their bases after completing drills near Ukraine, even as more than thirty ships carry out a live-fire exercise in the Black Sea; Russian President Vladimir Putin said Moscow was ready for security talks with the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-russia-london-europe-moscow-b158645ccf222e05aede08e26b9f62c1\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"western-leaders-launch-diplomatic-push-to-avert-russian-invasion\"\u003eWestern Leaders Launch Diplomatic Push to Avert Russian Invasion\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden spoke with the leaders of Ukraine and Russia after announcing that Moscow could invade Ukraine at any moment (\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/12/politics/biden-putin-call-ukraine/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e). Prior to scheduled talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz traveled to Kyiv for a meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-crisis-olaf-scholz-on-a-delicate-mission/a-60764575?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb14\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDW\u003c/a\u003e). Many western countries, including the United States and Australia, began evacuating embassy staff (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-putin-speak-ukraine-warnings-mount-2022-02-12/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, finance ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) countries warned that any further Russian military action against Ukraine will be met with “massive and immediate” consequences for Russia’s economy (\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g7-finance-ministers-statement-on-ukraine?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb14\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eHM Treasury\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 14, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"diplomatic-talks-between-france-germany-russia-and-ukraine-end-without-resolution\"\u003eDiplomatic Talks Between France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine End Without Resolution\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiplomats from France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine ended talks after nine hours, without a joint resolution, on the conflict between Moscow and Kyiv in Ukraine’s eastern Donbas region (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-10/russia-starts-military-drill-near-nato-borders-ukraine-update?sref=vxSzVDP0\u0026amp;utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb11\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, President Joe Biden told U.S. citizens to leave Ukraine, warning that the United States is not planning a military operation to evacuate its citizens should Russia invade (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1080060546/biden-us-citizens-leave-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"diplomats-from-france-germany-russia-and-ukraine-meet-in-berlin-to-discuss-ukraine-crisis\"\u003eDiplomats From France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine Meet in Berlin to Discuss Ukraine Crisis \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRepresentatives of France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine⁠—a grouping known as the Normandy Format⁠—met in Berlin to mediate Russia-Ukraine tensions (\u003ca href=\"https://tass.com/world/1399875?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb10\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eTASS\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, the European Union delivered its foreign ministers’ joint response to Moscow’s demands for security guarantees (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-delivers-collective-reply-russian-security-proposals-2022-02-10/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Ukraine launched its own war games and denounced the joint military exercise held between Russia and Belarus (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/wrapup-1-russia-starts-belarus-military-drills-amid-new-diplomacy-ukraine-2022-02-10/?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb10\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russian-military-commanders-fly-to-belarus-for-joint-military-exercise\"\u003eRussian Military Commanders Fly to Belarus for Joint Military Exercise \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTop Russian military commanders flew to Belarus today ahead of a ten-day joint training exercise (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/09/russia-ukraine-putin-macron-nato/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"french-president-emmanuel-macron-travels-to-kyiv-ukraine\"\u003eFrench President Emmanuel Macron Travels to Kyiv, Ukraine \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrench President Emmanuel Macron continued his shuttle diplomacy, traveling to Kyiv to meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky after speaking with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow yesterday (\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/4e39ea22-9981-4afb-8302-1055cd865e10?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb8\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFinancial Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, U.S. After meeting with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz yesterday, President Joe Biden said the United States “will bring an end” to the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline if Russia invades Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-joe-biden-vladimir-putin-europe-moscow-46f8be10fa71af16bae8f3a9bd82918d\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"leaders-from-france-and-russia-germany-and-the-united-states-meet-respectively-to-discuss-ukraine-crisis\"\u003eLeaders from France and Russia, Germany and the United States Meet Respectively to Discuss Ukraine Crisis\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrench President Emmanuel Macron met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, while German Chancellor Olaf Scholz visited U.S. President Joe Biden in Washington; both sets of talks reportedly weighed possible avenues to avoid war in Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/07/ukraine-russia-scholz-biden-macron/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, the United States said Russia has amassed 75 percent of the troops it would need to invade Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/06/1078670229/us-says-russia-has-three-quarters-of-forces-for-ukraine-invasion\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNational Public Radio\u003c/a\u003e). New satellite imagery reportedly shows that tanks, artillery, armored vehicles, and other hardware were moved closer to the Ukrainian border from a Russian military base (\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/07/europe/yelnya-russian-hardware-ukraine-border-intl/index.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russian-president-vladimir-putin-and-chinese-president-xi-jinping-announce-joint-opposition-to-nato-expansion\"\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping Announce Joint Opposition to NATO Expansion \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin traveled to Beijing, where he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping to jointly announce their opposition to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) expansion (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/03/world/russia-ukraine-xi-putin?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb4\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief#ukraine-briefing-xi-putin\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, the United States said Russia was planning a staged attack to justify an invasion of Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1078045214/u-s-says-russia-is-planning-a-staged-attack-in-ukraine-to-justify-an-invasion\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e); Russia criticized the accusation, calling it “nonsense” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/04/russia-rejects-nonsense-us-claim-of-false-flag-plot-to-attack-ukraine-a76266\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey agreed to provide additional weapons and supplies to Ukraine, including one of the Ukrainian military’s most sophisticated weapons—a long-range, Turkish-made armed drone (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/03/world/europe/ukraine-turkey-russia-drones.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-sends-thirty-thousand-troops-to-belarus\"\u003eRussia Sends Thirty Thousand Troops to Belarus\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg accused Russia of sending thirty thousand troops to Belarus in recent days (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-belarus-shoigu-maneuvers/31684613.html?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb3\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan traveled to Kyiv, offering to mediate between Ukraine and Russia (\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/03/turkish-president-erdogan-mediate-ukraine-russia?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Feb3\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"united-states-approves-troop-deployment-to-eastern-europe\"\u003eUnited States Approves Troop Deployment to Eastern Europe\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresident Biden approved the deployment of 3,000 troops to NATO member states in Eastern Europe, including Poland and Romania (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/02/world/ukraine-russia-news\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal announced the country is seeking a trilateral security pact with Poland and the United Kingdom (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/britain-poland-ukraine-preparing-trilateral-security-pact-kyiv-says-2022-02-01/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-united-states-clash-over-ukraine-at-united-nations\"\u003eRussia, United States Clash Over Ukraine at United Nations\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia and the United States exchanged harsh words over Ukraine at a UN Security Council meeting after Russia lost an attempt to block the meeting (\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/russia-us-ukraine-square-off-security-council-82573967\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eABC\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, President Joe Biden met with the emir of Qatar to discuss boosting liquefied natural gas supplies to Europe in the event of a Russian invasion to cushion economic shocks in the energy market (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/risk-ukraine-energy-shock-poses-fresh-test-pragmatic-qatar-emir-2022-01-31/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russian-president-blames-united-states-for-ukraine-crisis-expresses-hope-for-more-dialogue\"\u003eRussian President Blames United States for Ukraine Crisis, Expresses Hope for More Dialogue \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his first public remarks on Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin blamed the United States for the crisis but said he hoped for continued dialogue (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/01/world/russia-ukraine-news#putins-public-remarks-today-could-be-his-first-on-ukraine-since-december\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov spoke on the phone today following a verbal confrontation between their countries’ envoys at the UN Security Council yesterday (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ukraine-standoff-russia-invasion-putin-biden-nato-diplomacy-rcna14328\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eABC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"frances-macron-speaks-with-russian-ukrainian-leaders-amid-crisis\"\u003eFrance’s Macron Speaks With Russian, Ukrainian Leaders Amid Crisis \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrench President Emmanuel Macron held a call with Russian President Vladimir Putin today and will speak with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky this evening about the possibility of diplomacy to ease tensions on the Russia-Ukraine border (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220128-live-macron-to-speak-with-putin-as-moscow-insists-doesn-t-want-war-in-ukraine\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFrance24\u003c/a\u003e). Before the call with Putin, France’s foreign minister said that Paris aimed to assess whether Moscow wants “confrontation or consultation” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macron-speak-putin-seek-clarity-over-ukraine-france-says-2022-01-28/?taid=61f3bfd59718b20001eb1eab\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Zelensky and U.S. President Joe Biden spoke in a call yesterday that a Ukrainian official described as “long and frank” (\u003ca href=\"https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/27/politics/biden-zelensky-call/index.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e). Additionally, U.S. State Department Spokesperson Ned Price said that if Russia invades Ukraine, the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline “will not move forward” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/26/1075880940/biden-administration-is-offering-to-negotiate-with-russia-over-the-crisis-in-ukr\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"united-states-nato-send-written-response-to-russias-demands\"\u003eUnited States, NATO Send Written Response to Russia’s Demands\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States and NATO responded to Russia’s demands in writing, and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Washington maintained its refusal to guarantee that Ukraine would never join NATO (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/26/world/ukraine-russia-us\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that while there was “no positive response” from the United States regarding Russia’s demand that Ukraine never join NATO, he said that the reply yielded “hope for the start of a serious conversation” on other issues (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/27/no-positive-response-from-us-on-main-ukraine-demand-says-russia-a76171\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, French, German, Russian, and Ukrainian officials agreed yesterday to uphold a 2014 cease-fire agreement in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/russia-ukraine-agree-to-uphold-cease-fire-in-normandy-talks/a-60556387\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France Presse/Deutsche-Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-places-8500-troops-on-high-alert-for-possible-deployment-to-eastern-europe\"\u003eU.S. Places 8,500 Troops on High Alert For Possible Deployment to Eastern Europe\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States announced yesterday it had placed 8,500 troops on high alert to potentially deploy to Eastern Europe, but a final decision has not yet been made (\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/24/politics/biden-troops-europe/index.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e). Today, Russia conducted large-scale military drills near Ukraine and in annexed Crimea (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220125-russia-launches-new-military-drills-near-ukraine-in-annexed-crimea\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 25, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-puts-forces-on-standby-as-european-officials-hold-crisis-talks\"\u003e NATO Puts Forces on Standby as European Officials Hold Crisis Talks\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) said its member countries are putting military forces on standby and sending extra ships and warplanes to Eastern Europe amid fears of a Russian invasion of Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/nato-sends-ships-jets-eastern-europe-ukraine-crisis-2022-01-24/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Foreign ministers from the European Union (EU) are meeting in Brussels today for crisis talks, with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken participating virtually (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-24/eu-to-talk-with-blinken-amid-russia-standoff-ukraine-update\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, the EU announced a $1.3 billion financial aid package for Ukraine today (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-russia-crisis-eu-foreign-ministers-meet-to-coordinate-strategy-with-us/a-60532426\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche-Welle\u003c/a\u003e). A Russian government spokesperson accused the United States and NATO of escalating tensions with the new deployments (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/24/kremlin-says-nato-ramping-up-ukraine-tensions-with-deployments-a76129\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence-France Presse\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, the United States and United Kingdom said some of their diplomatic staff will withdraw from Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60106416\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"blinken-lavrov-hold-frank-and-substantive-talks-in-geneva\"\u003eBlinken, Lavrov Hold ‘Frank and Substantive’ Talks in Geneva\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States and Russia weighed possible negotiated outcomes to security tensions in Eastern Europe during talks in Geneva today between U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/21/world/russia-us-ukraine\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, Lavrov told reporters Russia has “no plans” to attack Ukraine, Ukraine’s military intelligence said that Russia is increasing arms shipments to separatist-controlled areas of Ukraine’s east \u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/21/ukraine-says-russia-increasing-arms-equipment-for-separatist-regions-a76115\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e(Agence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e). U.S. President Joe Biden said that if “any assembled Russian units move across the Ukrainian border,” it will trigger a severe economic response (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-20/biden-says-russia-to-pay-a-heavy-price-if-forces-enter-ukraine?sref=vxSzVDP0\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-predicts-putin-will-move-in-on-ukraine-promises-response\"\u003e Biden Predicts Putin Will “Move In” on Ukraine, Promises Response\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden said yesterday that Russian President Vladimir Putin will likely “move in” on Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://link.cfr.org/click/26427213.52749/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2hpdGVob3VzZS5nb3YvYnJpZWZpbmctcm9vbS9zcGVlY2hlcy1yZW1hcmtzLzIwMjIvMDEvMTkvcmVtYXJrcy1ieS1wcmVzaWRlbnQtYmlkZW4taW4tcHJlc3MtY29uZmVyZW5jZS02Lz91dG1fc291cmNlPWRhaWx5YnJpZWY/6061cedb588b4d1110630e62Be0f67d9c\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWhite House\u003c/a\u003e) and White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said that any kind of Russian invasion would be met by a “swift, severe, and united response” from the United States and its allies (\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://link.cfr.org/click/26427213.52749/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uY29tL25ld3MvMjAyMi8wMS8xOS9iaWRlbi11a3JhaW5lLXJ1c3NpYS01Mjc0NDA_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1kYWlseWJyaWVm/6061cedb588b4d1110630e62Bc999fa72\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePolitico\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e). Separately, a State Department official said Washington greenlit transfers of U.S. weapons from Baltic countries to Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://link.cfr.org/click/26427213.52749/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlbW9zY293dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjIvMDEvMjAvYmFsdGljLXN0YXRlcy1hdXRob3JpemVkLXRvLXJ1c2gtdXMtbWFkZS13ZWFwb25zLXRvLXVrcmFpbmUtYTc2MTAwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZGFpbHlicmllZg/6061cedb588b4d1110630e62B1d9b6ad4\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAFP\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"blinken-conducts-fresh-diplomatic-push-in-europe-over-russia-tensions\"\u003eBlinken Conducts Fresh Diplomatic Push in Europe Over Russia Tensions\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in Kyiv today and called on Moscow to maintain “a diplomatic and peaceful path” amid mounting fears of a Russian invasion of Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/19/blinken-in-kyiv-urges-putin-to-choose-peaceful-path-on-ukraine-a76081\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 19, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"former-president-petro-poroshenko-returns-to-ukraine-to-face-treason-charges\"\u003eFormer President Petro Poroshenko Returns to Ukraine to Face Treason Charges\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePetro Poroshenko, former president of Ukraine, returned to his home country to face charges of treason (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/17/poroshenko-ukraine-return/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, a bipartisan group of U.S. senators met with current President Volodymyr Zelensky to show solidarity with Ukraine and warn against Russian aggression (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/crucial-time-u-s-senators-travel-ukraine-warn-against-russian-n1287608\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-calls-for-response-to-security-demands\"\u003eRussia Calls for Response to Security Demands\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia wants a written response to its security demands from the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by next week (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-lavrov-press-conference-ukraine/31654291.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, a cyberattack displaying the message that Ukrainians should “be afraid and expect the worst” brought down several Ukrainian government websites last night (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/massive-cyberattack-hits-ukrainian-government-websites-amid-russia-tensions-2022-01-14/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 14, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"osce-envoys-meet-in-vienna-on-ukraine-crisis\"\u003eOSCE Envoys Meet in Vienna on Ukraine Crisis\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), which includes Russia and the United States, met for the third time this week over defusing tensions between Moscow and Western countries (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-osce-russia-us-diplomacy/31652032.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-russia-hold-talks-over-ukraine-impasse\"\u003eNATO, Russia Hold Talks Over Ukraine Impasse\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDelegates from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries and Russia met in Brussels today over Russia’s military buildup near the Ukrainian border (\u003ca href=\"https://link.cfr.org/click/26339498.44390/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmZlcmwub3JnL2EvbmF0by1ydXNzaWEtY291bmNpbC10YWxrcy8zMTY1MDM3Mi5odG1sP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZGFpbHlicmllZg/6061cedb588b4d1110630e62Bbcd4ff70\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-russia-meeting-in-geneva-kicks-off-week-of-talks-on-ukraine\"\u003eU.S.-Russia Meeting in Geneva Kicks Off Week of Talks on Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman began negotiations today with her counterpart, Sergei Ryabkov, over Russia’s military buildup on the Ukrainian border and Moscow’s security demands from Western countries (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/10/world/russia-us-ukraine-talks?utm_source=dailybrief\u0026amp;utm_medium=email\u0026amp;utm_campaign=DailyBrief2022Jan10\u0026amp;utm_term=DailyNewsBrief#with-tensions-high-american-and-russian-diplomats-gathered-in-geneva\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Before the meeting, both sides dismissed expectations of a breakthrough (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us-tamps-down-expectations-talks-with-russia-amid-ukraine-crisis-2022-01-09/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-foreign-ministers-meet-about-ukraine-crisis\"\u003eNATO Foreign Ministers Meet About Ukraine Crisis\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe foreign ministers of countries in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) met today to discuss the Russian military buildup on Ukraine’s border and their upcoming meeting with Russia, which is set for January 12 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/nato-ministers-russia-strategy/31643748.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 7, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-reaffirms-us-support-of-zelensky\"\u003eBiden Reaffirms U.S. Support of Zelensky\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a phone call yesterday, U.S. President Joe Biden told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky that the United States “will respond decisively if Russia further invades Ukraine,” following last week's call between Biden and Russian President Vladmir Putin on the military crisis at Ukraine's border \u003ca href=\"https://link.cfr.org/click/26238271.52433/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY25uLmNvbS8yMDIyLzAxLzAyL3BvbGl0aWNzL2JpZGVuLXplbGVuc2t5LWNhbGwvaW5kZXguaHRtbD91dG1fc291cmNlPWRhaWx5YnJpZWY/6061cedb588b4d1110630e62B88d95af1\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003e(CNN)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 2022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-putin-to-speak-today-in-preparation-for-january-talks\"\u003eBiden, Putin to Speak Today in Preparation for January Talks\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden accepted a request from Russian President Vladimir Putin to hold a call today. It will be their second direct conversation in recent weeks as their envoys prepare for January 10 talks about the crisis at the Russia-Ukraine border (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/29/us/politics/biden-putin-call-ukraine.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Ahead of today’s call, Putin said he believes “effective dialogue” with Washington is possible. An unnamed senior U.S. official told reporters that Biden will tell Putin the United States is ready for “a diplomatic path forward” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/30/putin-says-effective-dialogue-with-us-possible-a75958\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e). Yesterday, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken discussed the Russia-Ukraine tensions with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky (\u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/secretary-blinkens-call-with-ukrainian-president-zelenskyy-3/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eState Department\u003c/a\u003e). Blinken also spoke about the issue with the foreign ministers of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, affirming the consensus among U.S. allies and partners to impose “massive consequences and severe costs” if Russian aggression escalates (\u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/secretary-blinkens-call-with-french-german-and-uk-foreign-ministers/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eState Department\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-russia-set-security-talks-amid-ukraine-crisis\"\u003eU.S., Russia Set Security Talks Amid Ukraine Crisis\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. and Russian officials said the two countries will meet for talks on January 10 amid rising tensions on the Russia-Ukraine border. The White House said that Russian officials are then expected to meet with representatives from NATO and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which includes the United States, that same week (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us-russian-officials-set-security-talks-jan-10-us-official-2021-12-28/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). The January 10 meeting will be held as part of the Strategic Security Dialogue that U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin launched during their June summit in Geneva. The dialogue’s focus is arms control agreements but is now expected to also cover the Russian military buildup near Ukraine’s border (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20211228-us-russia-to-hold-talks-on-arms-control-ukraine-on-january-10\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e). Moscow has laid out security demands to Western countries that include the removal of NATO troops from Central and Eastern Europe (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-moscow-1f80249ac893d533fb6fcfdecb3d1ad3\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-to-withdraw-ten-thousand-troops-from-border-with-ukraine\"\u003eRussia to Withdraw Ten Thousand Troops From Border With Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia’s defense ministry said it will withdraw ten thousand troops from near the border with Ukraine due to their completion of military drills. Kyiv estimates the number of Russian troops near the border to be around 104,000 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/25/ukraine-russia-azov-sea/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-government-separatists-agree-to-restore-cease-fire\"\u003eUkrainian Government, Separatists Agree to Restore Cease-fire\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment forces and Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine agreed to restore a 2020 cease-fire agreement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/osce-says-ceasefire-agreement-reached-eastern-ukraine-2021-12-22/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 23, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"putin-threatens-military-action-ahead-of-expected-talks-with-us-nato-next-month\"\u003ePutin Threatens Military Action Ahead of Expected Talks With U.S., NATO Next Month\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin yesterday threatened to “take appropriate retaliatory military-technical measures” if Western countries continue their “aggressive stance” regarding Russia’s military buildup on its border with Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/21/putin-warns-of-military-technical-response-to-western-aggression-a75891\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e). High-ranking officials from the United States and Russia said the two countries will discuss Moscow’s demands for security guarantees during talks expected to begin next month. U.S. diplomat for the region Karen Donfried warned that some of Russia’s security demands were “unacceptable” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/22/russia-expects-security-talks-with-us-nato-in-january-a75903\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e). Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia will also hold separate talks with NATO countries (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-ukraine-moscow-eastern-europe-03644b4752dd16d0632e1b2a15ef8e22\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, European gas prices hit a record high after a pipeline bringing Russian gas to Europe reversed its flow. Some Western politicians have accused Russia of withholding gas for political ends, a claim Moscow denies (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russian-gas-flows-germany-via-yamal-europe-stop-gascade-data-shows-2021-12-21/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-president-volodymyr-zelensky-meets-with-lithuanian-polish-leaders\"\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky Meets With Lithuanian, Polish Leaders\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe meeting today comes after Ukraine pressed Western leaders for reassurances of support as tensions with Russia intensified last week (\u003ca href=\"https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/rozpochalasya-tristoronnya-zustrich-prezidentiv-ukrayini-lit-72181\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePresidency of Ukraine\u003c/a\u003e). Lithuania has also called for a stronger Western response (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20211219-amidst-simmering-tensions-with-russia-lithuania-calls-for-vigilance\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFrance24\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 20, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"moscow-announces-demands-amid-tensions-with-nato\"\u003eMoscow Announces Demands Amid Tensions With NATO\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia’s foreign ministry published a list of demands for NATO countries, which includes guarantees that Ukraine will never join NATO and that NATO will abandon its military activities in Ukraine, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/17/russia-issues-demands-to-limit-natos-influence-in-post-soviet-space-eastern-europe-a75857\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e). A Kremlin spokesperson said yesterday that Russia stands ready to negotiate (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-russia-ukraine-europe-vladimir-putin-ab3784aa716fe3f65d742c1b4a23375e\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). Concerns over Russia’s military buildup near its border with Ukraine also prompted European Union (EU) leaders to threaten “massive consequences” in the case of “further aggression” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/european-council-summit-russia-ukraine-conflict-brussels-luhansk-donetsk/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePolitico\u003c/a\u003e). As efforts to resolve the standoff continue, German regulators announced yesterday that a decision on whether to authorize the controversial Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany will not be made before July 2022. Some EU leaders have suggested blocking the pipeline as part of a potential sanctions package against Russia (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-12-16/german-regulator-says-no-decision-on-nord-stream-2-before-july\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"g7-officials-warn-of-massive-consequences-if-russia-invades-ukraine\"\u003eG7 Officials Warn of ‘Massive Consequences’ if Russia Invades Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eForeign ministers from Group of Seven (G7) countries and the European Union’s foreign affairs chief issued a joint statement urging de-escalation after they met yesterday (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/g7-russia-ukraine-5137e7b6277f2fdbaf711807d9cfc423\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-warns-putin-of-consequences-if-russia-invades-ukraine\"\u003eBiden Warns Putin of Consequences if Russia Invades Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn a call yesterday, U.S. President Joe Biden told Russian President Vladimir Putin that if Russia invaded Ukraine, the United States would impose “strong economic measures” and increase military support to Ukraine, U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/07/1062131727/biden-putin-call-russia-military-build-up-ukraine?ft=nprml\u0026amp;f=\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNPR\u003c/a\u003e). A Kremlin statement after the call blamed the West for tensions around Ukraine and said Putin called for a guarantee that Ukraine would not join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). U.S. officials rejected this demand (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/07/world/europe/here-are-five-takeaways-from-the-biden-putin-call.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Meanwhile, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a defense bill that included $300 million in U.S. military support for Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-congress-includes-300-million-ukraine-addresses-china-massive-defense-bill-2021-12-07/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). The United States has also sought Germany’s support for blocking Russia’s Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline as part of a possible sanctions package (\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/d1ed75b0-338f-42f8-836b-f94cb00670ca\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFinancial Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"blinken-to-meet-russias-lavrov-in-stockholm-amid-mounting-ukraine-tensions\"\u003eBlinken to Meet Russia’s Lavrov in Stockholm Amid Mounting Ukraine Tensions\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets today with his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov, amid rising U.S.-Russia tensions over Russia’s military buildup at its border with Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20211202-clashes-continue-in-eastern-ukraine-as-top-diplomats-blinken-lavrov-to-meet\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFrance 24\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 2, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-chief-be-prepared-for-the-worst-as-russia-ukraine-tensions-soar\"\u003eNATO Chief: Be ‘Prepared for the Worst’ As Russia-Ukraine Tensions Soar\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt a meeting of NATO foreign ministers yesterday, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg called for Russia to de-escalate following its military buildup in and around Ukraine and called for NATO countries to be “prepared for the worst” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/30/russian-military-build-up-near-ukraine-is-unprovoked-and-unexplained-nato-chief\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eEuronews\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-ukraine-moscow-riga-b0971e8a973026ec7fb1964a8d38d2eb\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). The tensions have prompted Kyiv to fear that Moscow is preparing an invasion, and Ukraine’s foreign minister called on NATO to prepare sanctions to deter Russia. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky also called for direct talks with Moscow in a speech to lawmakers (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/prepare-sanctions-russia-ramp-up-military-cooperation-ukraine-tells-nato-2021-12-01/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Today, Russia accused Ukraine of deploying half its army to confront pro-Russia separatists (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-starts-regular-winter-military-drills-region-bordering-ukraine-2021-12-01/\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-shares-intel-with-european-allies-about-russian-troop-buildup-near-ukraine\"\u003eU.S. Shares Intel With European Allies About Russian Troop Buildup Near Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWashington believes Moscow could be considering invading Ukraine early next year, according to reports. European leaders are pursuing diplomacy with Russian President Vladimir Putin to deter any possible invasion (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-21/u-s-intel-shows-russian-plans-for-potential-ukraine-invasion?sref=vxSzVDP0\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-calls-for-russian-transparency-amid-troop-build-up-near-ukraine\"\u003eNATO Calls for Russian Transparency Amid Troop Build-up Near Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Jens Stoltenberg called on Russia to be transparent about its military plans, NATO officials have observed a “large and unusual” build-up of Russian troops and military equipment in the western part of the country near the border with Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59288181\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraines-only-major-english-language-newspaper-shuts-down\"\u003eUkraine’s Only Major English-Language Newspaper Shuts Down\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe country’s only major English-language newspaper, the \u003cem\u003eKyiv Post\u003c/em\u003e, announced it is closing over what its staff called a dispute about editorial independence (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/11/09/ukraines-english-language-newspaper-kyiv-post-abruptly-closed-by-owner-a75509\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 10, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-reportedly-moving-troops-near-ukrainian-border\"\u003eRussia Reportedly Moving Troops Near Ukrainian Border\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia has reportedly begun building up equipment and personnel near the border with Ukraine, prompting concerns from U.S. and European officials as the moves follow an increasingly hardline Russian position toward Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-troop-movements-near-ukraine-border-prompt-concern-in-us-europe/2021/10/30/c122e57c-3983-11ec-9662-399cfa75efee_story.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 30, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-united-states-to-conduct-joint-military-exercises\"\u003eUkraine, United States to Conduct Joint Military Exercises\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine and the United States will conduct joint military drills in Ukraine next week, following Russian and Belarusian war games that sparked concern among bordering countries (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-us-hold-joint-military-drills-2021-09-16/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 17, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"pro-russian-separatists-kill-two-ukrainian-soldiers\"\u003ePro-Russian Separatists Kill Two Ukrainian Soldiers\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe government of Mali announced that five soldiers were killed in an ambush by an unidentified terrorist group. Three attackers also died in the ambush (\u003ca href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210912-jihadists-kill-five-soldiers-in-ambush-in-central-mali\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"shelling-wounds-eight-people-in-ukraine\"\u003eShelling Wounds Eight People in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian government reported that Russian shelling wounded six troops near Donetsk, while separatists backed by the Russian government said that Ukrainian shelling wounded two civilians in Donetsk (\u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-09-09/shelling-in-eastern-ukraine-wounds-troops-and-civilians\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eU.S. News \u0026amp; World Report\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-security-support-for-ukraine-in-focus-as-zelensky-meets-with-biden\"\u003eU.S. Security Support for Ukraine in Focus as Zelensky Meets With Biden\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet with U.S. President Joe Biden today at the White House, where Zelensky is expected to seek assurances on U.S. security support for his country (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/01/ukraines-zelenskiy-seeks-bidens-help-against-russia-a74946\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e). Washington’s weakening opposition to Russia’s Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline and its withdrawal from Afghanistan have raised doubts in Kyiv about U.S. dependability, an advisor to Zelensky said (\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/3a7f3282-2db5-47dc-84d5-1c50f5295d8d\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFinancial Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-calls-for-recovery-of-crimea-at-summit\"\u003eUkraine Calls for Recovery of Crimea at Summit\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky held a summit with envoys from more than forty countries to call for the reclamation of Russia-annexed Crimea. European Council President Charles Michel spoke at the event. French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel did not attend (\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/summit-crimea-highlights-wests-failure-reverse-russian-annexation/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePolitico\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"germanys-merkel-assures-ukraine-on-gas-access\"\u003eGermany’s Merkel Assures Ukraine on Gas Access\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a visit to Kyiv, German Chancellor Angela Merkel told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky that Germany could impose sanctions on Moscow if Russia uses gas access as a weapon against Ukraine. Ukraine opposes the nearly complete Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/germanys-merkel-calls-ukraine-gas-transit-agreement-2021-08-22/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraines-president-dismisses-head-of-armed-forces\"\u003eUkraine’s President Dismisses Head of Armed Forces\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky dismissed the head of the country’s armed forces, Ruslan Khomchak, citing tensions between the armed forces and the defense ministry. Khomchak will be replaced by Valery Zaluzhny, who heads the military’s northern command (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-president-fires-head-armed-forces-citing-disputes-2021-07-27/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-to-host-military-drill-with-us-lithuania-poland\"\u003eUkraine to Host Military Drill With U.S., Lithuania, Poland \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States, Lithuania, and Poland will join Ukraine for a military exercise involving more than 1,200 service members in Ukraine’s western Lviv region beginning July 17, the Ukrainian military said. It will be Ukraine’s second military drill with foreign partners in a month (\u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-07-05/ukraine-to-hold-land-military-drills-with-us-poland-lithuania\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-says-it-will-reject-any-deals-from-biden-putin-summit\"\u003eUkraine Says It Will Reject Any Deals From Biden-Putin Summit \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAhead of today’s summit between U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Geneva, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba told journalists that his country would not accept arrangements made by foreign officials to end the war in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/world/europe/ukraine-putin-biden-summit.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"blinken-us-considering-additional-military-aid-for-ukraine\"\u003eBlinken: U.S. Considering Additional Military Aid for Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecretary Blinken said the United States is considering a request by the Ukrainian government for military assistance, including air defense systems and anti-sniper technology, due to a Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border. The United States has given Ukraine about $5 billion in aid since Russian annexed Crimea in 2014 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-blinken-interview-additional-military-assistance-kyiv-russia-swift/31241613.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-to-withdraw-some-troops-from-crimea\"\u003eRussia to Withdraw Some Troops From Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia’s defense ministry ordered the withdrawal of some Russian forces near the Ukrainian border, a move that could help ease tensions between the countries. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said the buildup in the Crimea region, which Russia annexed in 2014, was a successful test of military readiness and that troops will return to their regular positions by May 1. Although troops are being pulled back from Crimea, Moscow has also deployed forces near the so-called Donbas region in eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/world/europe/russia-ukraine-military-pullback.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). European Union officials estimate that Russia has deployed up to one hundred thousand troops near the border, raising fears of a full-scale conflict (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-military-build-up-near-ukraine-numbers-more-than-150000-troops-eus-2021-04-19/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky tweeted that the troop reduction would help reduce tensions. Both he and Russian President Vladimir Putin have expressed a willingness to meet for talks (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-orders-soldiers-back-bases-shoigu-large-scale-drills-crimea/31217413.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-adopts-military-reservist-law\"\u003eUkraine Adopts Military Reservist Law\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresident Zelenskyy signed a law allowing the country to call reservists up for military service without announcing mobilization. The law’s adoption comes as a Russian military buildup along the border with Ukraine is expected to reach over 120,000 troops within a week, according to Ukraine’s foreign ministry (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/world-news-russia-business-government-and-politics-ukraine-3c9917034ad3cbdab30c9914ff053cf1\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"eu-warns-russian-buildup-near-ukraine-could-trigger-conflict\"\u003eEU Warns Russian Buildup Near Ukraine Could Trigger Conflict\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Union’s top diplomat warned that Russia’s military buildup on the Ukranian border could “spark” a larger conflict but said no new EU sanctions are being considered. Advisors to the leaders of France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine have held talks under the so-called Normandy Format. A Ukrainian statement on the talks said all sides reaffirmed commitments to reach a cease-fire in Eastern Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-france-germany-russia-discuss-leaders-summit/31210897.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"nato-us-voice-support-for-ukraine\"\u003eNATO, U.S. Voice Support for Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United States both indicated their support for Ukraine amid a Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border. U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said the United States will deploy additional troops in Germany, scrapping plans by President Donald Trump to withdraw troops from Europe. Biden urged Moscow to de-escalate tensions during a call with Russian President Vladimir Putin yesterday (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/13/world/europe/us-military-germany.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-says-no-contact-between-zelensky-putin\"\u003eUkraine Says No Contact Between Zelensky, Putin\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA spokesperson for Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the president has not yet spoken with Russian President Vladimir Putin about Russia’s troop buildup in Ukraine’s Donbas region. Russia has sent more than forty thousand troops to its border with eastern Ukraine and forty thousand to Crimea, the spokesperson said (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia/ukraine-says-putin-wont-talk-to-zelenskiy-about-russian-troop-build-up-despite-request-idUSKBN2BZ0OK\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-seeks-nato-membership-to-ward-off-russia\"\u003eUkraine Seeks NATO Membership to Ward Off Russia\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called for his country to be placed on a pathway to membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during a conversation with the alliance’s secretary-general, Jens Stoltenberg. Zelensky said NATO is the only way to end the conflict with Russia in Ukraine’s Donbas region (\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/06/ukraine-pressures-nato-for-membership-as-russia-amasses-troops-at-border\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"tensions-rise-between-ukraine-russia-as-fighting-escalates\"\u003eTensions Rise Between Ukraine, Russia as Fighting Escalates\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt least four Ukrainian soldiers were killed in clashes with Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine yesterday (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/30/world/europe/ukraine-russia-fighting.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e). Tensions have risen in recent days as Russia builds up military forces near the border, and the governments in Kyiv and Moscow exchange accusations of violating a cease-fire (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-military-putin/kremlin-says-it-fears-ukraine-could-restart-conflict-in-war-torn-east-idUSKBN2BN13Q?il=0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-forces-pro-russia-separatists-begin-cease-fire\"\u003eUkrainian Forces, Pro-Russia Separatists Begin Cease-Fire \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cease-fire between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russia rebels in conflict-ravaged Eastern Ukraine entered into effect today. The agreement, which came after two dozen failed attempts, has earned support from European Union officials, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, and Russian President Vladimir Putin (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-government-and-rebel-forces-begin-ceasefire/a-54324081\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-reach-deal-for-cease-fire\"\u003eRussia, Ukraine Reach Deal for Cease-Fire\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNegotiators from Russia, Ukraine, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) reached an agreement for a cease-fire in eastern Ukraine to begin on July 27 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-cease-fire-russia-minsk-group/30742496.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty).\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 23, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"eu-extends-sanctions-on-russia-over-ukraine-conflict\"\u003eEU Extends Sanctions on Russia Over Ukraine Conflict\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Union extended sanctions on Russia for six months because it failed to abide by a peace agreement with Ukraine. The sanctions target Russia’s energy, defense, and finance sectors, as well as goods that can be used for both civilian and military purposes (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/6ce503c1a1df7e5a2ca25d0cd5ca5db5\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-captures-alleged-russian-spy\"\u003eUkraine Captures Alleged Russian Spy\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian Security Service detained an individual from the breakaway eastern region of Luhansk accused of attempting to transfer classified data on a Ukrainian missile system to Russian authorities (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-security-service-says-it-detained-fsb-agent/30597581.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"osce-reports-new-russian-military-assets-in-ukraine\"\u003eOSCE Reports New Russian Military Assets in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObservers from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe stated yesterday that they had spotted new Russian electronic warfare equipment in the separatist-controlled regions of Eastern Ukraine. Ukrainian forces spotted similar equipment in other areas within the separatist zone, corroborating these reports (\u003ca href=\"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/osce-spots-new-russian-military-hardware-in-ukraine/1820718\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAnadolu\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-government-eastern-separatists-exchange-prisoners\"\u003eUkrainian Government, Eastern Separatists Exchange Prisoners\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian government and Russian-backed separatists swapped prisoners in the first such exchange of 2020 as part of agreements reached between Kyiv and Moscow, according to the office of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. The separatists released nineteen prisoners, while the government freed an unknown number of prisoners (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-prisoners-swap/ukraine-and-russia-backed-separatists-begin-prisoner-swap-idUSKCN21Y0O5\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-separatists-surge-against-government-forces\"\u003eUkrainian Separatists Surge Against Government Forces\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine attempted to seize territory in an offensive that killed one Ukrainian soldier and wounded four others, the first such assault in the last two years of the region’s gridlocked war. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called the attack an attempt to disrupt an ongoing peace process (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/world/europe/ukraine-russia-assault.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-troops-and-rebel-forces-clash-in-luhansk\"\u003eUkrainian Troops and Rebel Forces Clash in Luhansk \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian forces and Russian-backed rebels fought a brief skirmish near the village of Zolote, with several troops on both sides either killed or wounded. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky declared that the incident would not affect the progress of ongoing peace talks (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51543463\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"pompeo-reiterates-us-support-for-ukraine\"\u003ePompeo Reiterates U.S. Support for Ukraine \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, in Kyiv for a meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, said the United States supports Ukraine in its fight against Russian aggression. Zelensky said he hoped to visit the White House soon (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/world/europe/ukraine-pompeo-zelensky-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-finalize-gas-deals\"\u003eRussia, Ukraine Finalize Gas Deals\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe two countries finalized the deals necessary to continue shipping Russian gas to Europe via Ukraine for the next five years ahead of a January 1 deadline. Gas flows to Europe have been disrupted twice in the last thirteen years due to disputes between Kyiv and Moscow (\u003ca href=\"https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/gas-giant-gazprom-ukraine-finalise-deals-to-ship-russian-gas-to-europe\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-backed-separatists-ukraine-swap-prisoners\"\u003eRussia-Backed Separatists, Ukraine Swap Prisoners\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe two forces conducted an “all-for-all” prisoner swap in which seventy-six people detained by the separatists were freed in exchange for 127 of those detained by Ukrainian security forces, Ukrainian officials said (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-separatists-prisoner-swap-zelenskiy-mocsow/30349771.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-agree-to-prisoner-swap\"\u003eRussia, Ukraine Agree to Prisoner Swap\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia and Ukraine have agreed to conduct their second major prisoner swap in four months by the end of the year, a representative for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe announced (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/osce-says-ukraine-russia-prisoner-swap-agreed-by-end-of-year-/30340704.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-and-ukraine-agree-to-cease-fire\"\u003eRussia and Ukraine Agree to Cease-Fire\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt talks in Paris, the two countries officially committed to a “full and comprehensive” cease-fire in eastern Ukraine and the release of all “conflict-related detainees” by the end of 2019 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50713647\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-peace-talks-begin\"\u003eRussia, Ukraine Peace Talks Begin \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet face-to-face for the first time at talks in Paris today. The negotiations, brokered by France and Germany, aim to end the war in Ukraine’s east between Ukrainian forces and Russia-backed separatists (\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/31a72b34-1855-11ea-8d73-6303645ac406\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eFinancial Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 9, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-peace-talks-face-challenges\"\u003eUkrainian Peace Talks Face Challenges \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiplomats meeting in Paris for peace talks between Ukraine and Russia expressed reservations about the prospects for success, with French, Ukrainian, and Russian officials all casting doubts ahead of next week’s talks (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-ukraine-summit/little-wiggle-room-as-ukraine-russia-leaders-meet-for-crunch-paris-talks-idUSKBN1Y902B\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 5, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-returns-ukrainian-vessels-ahead-of-peace\"\u003eRussia Returns Ukrainian Vessels Ahead of Peace \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia returned three Ukrainian naval ships today as part of the forthcoming peace talks in Paris between the two countries. Russia seized the vessels last November, but returned the Ukrainian sailors affiliated with the ships in September 2019 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia/russia-hands-back-captured-naval-ships-to-ukraine-before-summit-idUSKBN1XS13Z\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-separatists-complete-third-troop-withdrawal\"\u003eUkraine, Separatists Complete Third Troop Withdrawal \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMilitary forces and Russian-backed separatists completed a mutual troop withdrawal from a third frontline of their conflict. Russian and German leaders also reportedly discussed plans to hold a summit with France and Ukraine, aimed at ending the conflict, before the end of the year (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-forces-separatists-complete-pullback-from-frontline-area/30264971.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-separatists-begin-partial-withdrawal\"\u003eUkraine, Separatists Begin Partial Withdrawal \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian forces and Russia-backed separatists have begun withdrawing from a battlefront in the country’s east, as part of efforts to end the five-year conflict there (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-foreign-minister-says-kyiv-starts-troops-withdrawal-from-zolote/30242188.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 30, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainians-protest-new-peace-talks-with-pro-russian\"\u003eUkrainians Protest New Peace Talks With Pro-Russian \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThousands of Ukrainians rallied in Kyiv to protest new negotiations between President Volodymyr Zelensky’s government and Russia-backed separatists in the eastern part of the country (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-rally/thousands-rally-in-kiev-to-protest-autonomy-plan-for-eastern-ukraine-idUSKCN1WL0E8\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 7, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-separatists-sign-agreement-on-elections\"\u003eUkraine, Separatists Sign Agreement on Elections\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder a new agreement between the Kyiv government and separatist leaders, local elections will be held in separatist-controlled areas in the country’s east and troops from both sides will withdraw from the territory (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-signs-key-agreement-with-pro-russia-separatists/a-50669547\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-and-ukraine-swap-prisoners\"\u003eRussia and Ukraine Swap Prisoners\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia and Ukraine exchanged thirty-five prisoners each in a deal that signaled a de-escalation in the conflict between the two countries. The prisoners included twenty-four Ukrainian sailors who had been held since November, as well as a prominent Ukrainian filmmaker (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/09/07/signaling-readiness-for-thaw-russia-and-ukraine-swap-prisoners-a67090\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eMoscow Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-releases-russian-prisoner\"\u003eUkraine Releases Russian Prisoner\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Ukrainian court ordered the release of Russian journalist Kirill Vyshinsky. The release coincides with backchannel discussions between Ukraine and Russia to negotiate a prisoner swap (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-russia-journalist/ukraine-frees-jailed-russian-journalist-amid-prisoner-swap-talks-idUSKCN1VI0XN\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-officials-visit-ukraine\"\u003eU.S. Officials Visit Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton visited Ukraine to meet with representatives from Ukraine’s newly elected government. Bolton said that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and U.S. President Donald J. Trump may soon meet in Poland (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-usa-bolton-priorities/u-s-advisor-bolton-visits-ukraine-to-gauge-new-authorities-idUSKCN1VH1A5\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russias-return-to-g7-considered-pending-resolution-on-ukraine\"\u003eRussia’s Return to G7 Considered, Pending Resolution on Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Donald J. Trump said yesterday that Russia should be allowed to rejoin the G7, and French President Emmanuel Macron reportedly made a similar suggestion (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit-france-russia/france-wants-progress-in-ukraine-before-russia-returns-to-g7-idUSKCN1VB0SA\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). However, Macron said that progress must first be made in resolving the Ukraine crisis before Russia’s return (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit-france-russia/france-wants-progress-in-ukraine-before-russia-returns-to-g7-idUSKCN1VB0SA\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"putin-normandy-format-talks-only-option-for-ukraine\"\u003ePutin: Normandy Format Talks Only Option for Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring a meeting today with French President Emmanuel Macron, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the only option for a Ukraine peace process would be a heads of state summit. No date has been set for Normandy format talks (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-talks/kremlin-no-date-set-for-normandy-talks-on-ukraine-despite-macron-meeting-idUSKCN1VA13E\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-offers-citizenship-to-russian-political-dissidents\"\u003eUkraine Offers Citizenship to Russian Political Dissidents\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky authorized a decree today to offer citizenship to Russian political refugees and foreigners who fought to support Ukraine in the country’s eastern region (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-russia-citizenship/ukraines-president-offers-citizenship-to-russian-political-refugees-idUSKCN1V310G\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-officials-protest-russian-visit-to-crimea\"\u003eUkrainian Officials Protest Russian Visit to Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine’s Foreign Ministry protested Russian President Vladimir Putin’s visit to Crimea to attend a pro-Russian motorcycle festival, calling his visit a violation of sovereignty (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/0435699081f74dbfb5ff5c27ec5bc4f0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, Ukrainian officials said that they searched a ship in the Black Sea as part of a probe into illegal fuel deliveries to the Russian navy in Crimea (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-vessel-search/ukraine-searches-vessel-over-fuel-delivery-to-crimea-idUSKCN1V106W\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 12, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-president-calls-for-renewed-peace-talks\"\u003eUkrainian President Calls for Renewed Peace Talks\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky spoke with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the phone after four Ukrainian soldiers were killed in shelling by Russia-backed separatists in the Donbass border region. Zelensky said he called for the two countries to resume peace talks (\u003ca href=\"http://links.cfr.mkt5175.com/ctt?kn=17\u0026amp;ms=NjAwOTc0OTUS1\u0026amp;r=NDE1NTQ4NDM1MzUwS0\u0026amp;b=0\u0026amp;j=MTcwMDg0NDk3NQS2\u0026amp;mt=1\u0026amp;rt=0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"shelling-in-donbass-kills-four-ukrainian-soldiers\"\u003eShelling in Donbass Kills Four Ukrainian Soldiers \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFour Ukrainian soldiers were killed today by shelling in the Donbass region. This is Donbass’s highest single-day death toll since October 2018 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-casualties/shelling-kills-four-ukrainian-soldiers-in-eastern-donbass-idUSKCN1UW15D\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-seizes-russian-tanker\"\u003eUkraine Seizes Russian Tanker\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine seized a Russian tanker yesterday over its alleged involvement in capturing Ukrainian navy vessels last November. After Moscow threatened Ukraine should Russian citizens be taken hostage, Ukraine freed the tanker’s crew. Russia continues to hold Ukrainian sailors who were detained in November (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanker/ukraine-seizes-russian-tanker-frees-crew-after-moscow-threat-idUSKCN1UK1KD\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-and-russia-agree-to-prisoner-exchange\"\u003eUkraine and Russia Agree to Prisoner Exchange\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYesterday, Ukraine and Russia finalized an anticipated agreement to exchange prisoners over the next month (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-russia-prisoners/ukraine-says-it-has-agreed-exchange-of-prisoners-with-russia-idUSKCN1UB1X9\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 17, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-prisoner-swap-in-question\"\u003eRussia-Ukraine Prisoner Swap in Question\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYesterday, a Ukrainian court postponed a hearing to release a detained Russian journalist, leading many to question whether an anticipated prisoner exchange would still occur (\u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/f628f1e4cbfd4486a0a5040cf67cad8d\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 16, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russian-and-ukrainian-presidents-discuss-crimea\"\u003eRussian and Ukrainian Presidents Discuss Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Vlodymyr Zelenskiy held their first conversation by telephone to discuss the fate of Crimea and the return of prisoners (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-zelenskiy/russias-putin-ukraines-zelenskiy-discuss-ending-conflict-in-eastern-ukraine-idUSKCN1U6279\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 15, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-president-ready-to-meet-with-russia\"\u003eUkrainian President: Ready to Meet With Russia\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy announced he is ready to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin to discuss the conflict in Crimea. The Kremlin reported it would consider the offer (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-russia/ukraines-president-says-ready-to-meet-russias-putin-in-minsk-idUSKCN1U310I\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, Vladimir Putin and Pope Francis met at the Vatican to discuss Ukraine, Syria, and Venezuela (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-putin/putin-and-pope-hold-substantive-talks-in-shadow-of-ukraine-crisis-idUSKCN1TY2ZA\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"suspects-identified-by-probe-of-downed-flight-over-ukraine\"\u003eSuspects Identified by Probe of Downed Flight Over Ukraine \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Dutch investigation of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 identified four suspects, including a former leader of Russian-backed separatists in Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/investigation-into-downing-of-flight-mh-17-over-ukraine-names-four-russian-ukrainian-suspects/2019/06/19/02d52e42-9280-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html?utm_term=.986e92029774\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e). The investigation also determined that Russia provided the missile launcher used in 2014 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-mh17-russia/evidence-shows-russia-supplied-missile-used-to-shoot-down-mh17-investigator-idUSKCN1TK1ID\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, the United States announced that an additional $250 million in aid and equipment will be deployed to the Ukrainian armed forces (\u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/world-report/articles/2019-06-18/us-to-send-250-million-in-lethal-aid-to-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eU.S. News\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"on-russia-ukraine-urges-engagement-and-pressure\"\u003eOn Russia, Ukraine Urges Engagement and Pressure\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile visiting Paris, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy urged diplomatic engagement between Russia, Ukraine, France, and Germany, despite a lack of progress in recent months (\u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/645eda871ec14d6da4e1d5ba67c7a8ef\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-expanding-military-buildup-on-crimea\"\u003eRussia Expanding Military Buildup on Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatellite imagery shows Russia has moved five anti-air craft missile batteries along with additional troops and other weapons in to Crimea, and is working to improve old Soviet-era bases in the region in what intelligence officials called a “significant” buildup (\u003ca href=\"https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2019/06/exclusive-satellite-photos-detail-russian-military-buildup-crimea/157642/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDefense One\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"new-ukrainian-leader-calls-for-snap-election\"\u003eNew Ukrainian Leader Calls for Snap Election\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn his inaugural speech today, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky dissolved parliament, which is still dominated by the bloc of former President Petro Poroshenko, and called for early elections. Zelensky said his priority would be to end the separatist conflict in the country’s east (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/cda/en/ukraine-president-zelenskiy-disbands-parliament-on-inauguration-day/a-48800069\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"putin-expands-list-of-ukrainians-eligible-for-russian-passports\"\u003ePutin Expands List of Ukrainians Eligible for Russian Passports\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin expanded an earlier decree offering expedited Russian citizenship to Ukrainians in regions held by Russia-backed separatists (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-passports/putin-expands-list-of-on-fast-tracked-russian-passports-for-ukrainians-idUSKCN1S73KO\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 2, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"eu-condemns-russian-decree-on-citizenship-for-ukrainians\"\u003eEU Condemns Russian Decree on Citizenship for Ukrainians \u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Union condemned a decree signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin yesterday to expedite citizenship applications for Ukrainians living in territories held by Russia-backed separatists. Ukrainian President-Elect Volodymyr Zelensky’s office called Russia an aggressor state and said the move would not bring the countries closer to ending their conflict (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/eu-slams-russia-citizenship-move-as-new-attack-on-ukraine/2019/04/25/e9f584e2-674d-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html?utm_term=.04af576d044b\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraines-next-president-vows-anticorruption-push\"\u003eUkraine’s Next President Vows Anticorruption Push\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAides to President-Elect Volodymyr Zelensky, who will take office by early June, said his administration will fight corruption by scrapping immunity for lawmakers and making public expenditures on the military more transparent (\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48023240\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-imposes-sanctions-on-russia\"\u003eUkraine Imposes Sanctions on Russia\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine signed an order to impose sanctions on 294 legal entities and 848 individuals regarding conflicts over the Kerch Strait between Ukrainian-annexed Crimea and Russia (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-imposes-sanctions-on-russians-over-kerch-bridge-seizure-of-naval-vessels/29832844.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russian-authorities-release-head-of-ukraines-orthodox-church\"\u003eRussian Authorities Release Head of Ukraine’s Orthodox Church\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Archbishop of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine was released by Russian authorities after having been briefly detained at a bus station in Russian-annexed Crimea (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-orthodox-archbishop-arrested-in-crimea/29800830.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-accuses-russia-of-meddling-in-election\"\u003eUkraine Accuses Russia of Meddling in Election\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine’s State Security Service accused Russia of interfering in the country’s election campaign and employing financial bribes to influence public opinion. Russian authorities denied any interference in the upcoming elections that will take place next month (\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-election-russia/ukraine-security-service-accuses-russia-of-meddling-in-election-idUSKCN1QA1OW\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"former-ukrainian-president-found-guilty-of-treason\"\u003eFormer Ukrainian President Found Guilty of Treason\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Kyiv court found former President Viktor Yanukovych, who lives in exile in Russia, guilty of treason for a 2014 crackdown on pro-West demonstrations and sentenced him to thirteen years in prison (\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/25/ukraine-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-found-guilty-of-treason\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 25, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"orthodox-church-of-ukraine-granted-independence-from-russian-orthodox-church\"\u003eOrthodox Church of Ukraine Granted Independence from Russian Orthodox Church\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, the leading authority for Orthodox Christianity, recognized the independence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. The Russian Orthodox Church had previously overseen it (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.voanews.com/a/independence-decree-presented-to-ukrainian-orthodox-bishop/4730762.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 7, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-says-crimea-security-fence-complete\"\u003eRussia Says Crimea Security Fence Complete\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia said the thirty-seven-mile fence splitting Crimea from the rest of Ukraine, which is topped with barbed wire and equipped with cameras, will prevent “infiltration attempts by saboteurs” (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46699807\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists\"\u003eUkrainian President Calls Up Reservists\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Petro Poroshenko announced a partial call-up of reservists for training as part of the martial law that was imposed in parts of Ukraine (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.apnews.com/1875590b2cee4b60908b9ec658116e32\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). Separately, Russia has partially “unlocked” Ukrainian ports on the Azov Sea (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ukraine-crisis-russia-azov/kiev-says-russia-has-partially-unlocked-ukrainian-azov-sea-ports-idUKKBN1O30M5?il=0\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-requests-nato-ship-deployment\"\u003eUkraine Requests NATO Ship Deployment\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresident Petro Poroshenko asked the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to deploy ships to the Sea of Azov, between Ukraine and Russia, following this week’s attack on and seizure of three Ukrainian naval ships by Russia (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-president-poroshenko-asks-nato-send-ships-to-azov-sea-help-protect-ukraine-/29627506.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-to-deploy-missiles-in-crimea\"\u003eRussia to Deploy Missiles in Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkrainian President Petro Poroshenko warned that his country “is under threat of full-scale war with Russia” (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/27/russia-to-charge-ukrainian-sailors-as-kerch-crisis-deepens\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e). Russia announced today that it would deploy new surface-to-air missile systems in the Crimean peninsula (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-missiles/russia-to-deploy-new-s-400-missiles-on-crimea-ifax-idUSKCN1NX0KO\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 28, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-approves-martial-law\"\u003eUkraine Approves Martial Law\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin expressed “serious concern” over Ukraine’s decision yesterday to impose martial law in parts of the country following a skirmish between Ukrainian and Russian naval vessels in the Kerch Strait, which separates Crimea from Russia. At least six Ukrainian sailors were wounded in the incident (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/26/nato-calls-for-calm-after-boats-seized-in-russia-ukraine-clashes-kerch-strait\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eGuardian\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-seizes-three-ukrainian-ships\"\u003eRussia Seizes Three Ukrainian Ships\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt least three Ukrainian sailors were wounded when Russia seized three Ukrainian ships after alleging they had entered Russian territorial waters near Crimea yesterday. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko proposed that parliament impose martial law (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia/ukraine-says-russia-seized-its-ships-near-annexed-crimea-after-firing-on-them-idUSKCN1NU0DL\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). The United Nations is also scheduled to hold an emergency meeting on the situation (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46340283\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 26, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-announces-sanctions-on-ukrainian-elites\"\u003eRussia Announces Sanctions on Ukrainian Elites\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia announced sanctions yesterday against more than three hundred Ukrainian elites and scores of Ukrainian-owned companies. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko, whose son was included in the sanctions, said those targeted should feel like they received state awards (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-imposes-financial-sanctions-on-322-members-of-ukrainian-elite-68-entities/29576709.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"un-members-object-to-elections-in-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eUN Members Object to Elections in Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMembers of the UN debated the legality of elections planned for November 11 in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of eastern Ukraine held by Russia separatists. U.S. Deputy Ambassador to the UN Jonathan Cohen said that the \"shame elections staged by Russia\" would violate the Minsk agreement (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-western-powers-clash-un-security-council-over-elections-eastern-ukraine-donetsk-luhansk/29574239.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"three-killed-in-clashes-in-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eThree Killed in Clashes in Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne Ukrainian soldier and two separatists were reportedly killed in eastern Ukraine. Both sides have accused each other of repeatedly violating cease-fire agreements (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/kyiv-says-ukrainian-soldier-two-separatist-fighters-killed-in-east/29546116.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"residents-evacuated-in-ukraine-after-arms-depot-explodes\"\u003eResidents Evacuated in Ukraine After Arms Depot Explodes\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian government deployed aircraft today to fight a massive fire that continues to burn after an arms depot in northern Ukraine began exploding yesterday morning. More than twelve thousand people have been evacuated from the area, and the government is investigating “possible sabotage” (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/20181010-ukraine-sends-aircraft-fire-rages-arms-depot\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-joins-air-exercises-with-nato\"\u003eUkraine Joins Air Exercises With NATO\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States, Ukraine, and seven other NATO countries began the twelve-day Clear Sky 2018 war games in western Ukraine yesterday (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-launches-air-exercises-with-nato-countries/29532389.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 9, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-considering-sending-arms-to-ukraine\"\u003eU.S. Considering Sending Arms to Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. special envoy for Ukraine said the United States is considering sending additional lethal weaponry to the country amid concerns that Russia is increasing its military presence in the Sea of Azov (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/more-lethal-weaponry-possible-for-ukraine-u-s-envoy-says/29489463.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-russia-backed-separatists\"\u003eUkrainian Soldier Killed in Clashes with Russia-Backed Separatists\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine said one of its soldiers was killed and three others injured in clashes with Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine. Kyiv and separatists accused each other of violating a ceasefire during the previous twenty-four hours (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/kyiv-says-ukrainian-soldier-killed-in-east/29435222.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"more-than-one-thousand-ceasefire-violations-in-ukraine\"\u003eMore Than One Thousand Ceasefire Violations in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine reported 1,200 ceasefire violations last week, as fighting between the Ukrainian armed forces and separatists in the east continues (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://twitter.com/OSCE_SMM/status/1017371822587858947\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eOSCE\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ministers-in-berlin-to-discuss-ukraine-conflict\"\u003eMinisters in Berlin to Discuss Ukraine Conflict\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eForeign ministers from France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine meeting today are expected to discuss deploying UN peacekeepers to eastern Ukraine (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-conflict-normandy-meeting-/29282544.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"countries-to-hold-russia-to-account-for-mh17-crash\"\u003eCountries to Hold Russia to Account for MH17 Crash\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Netherlands said it and Australia will seek to hold Moscow criminally liable for a missile attack that downed a Malaysia Airlines flight over Ukraine in 2014. A Dutch-led international probe determined the missile was fired by a Russian military brigade (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/netherlands-australia-to-hold-russia-legally-responsible-for-shooting-down-mh17/29250256.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 25, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"mh17-shot-down-by-russian-missile-investigators-say\"\u003eMH17 Shot Down by Russian Missile, Investigators Say\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe missile that downed a Malaysia Airlines flight over Ukraine in 2014 was fired by a Russian military brigade from the city of Kursk, according to an international probe. Moscow had denied involvement in the incident (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.dw.com/en/mh17-was-downed-by-russian-military-missile-international-investigators/a-43908911\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"several-killed-in-eastern-ukraine-flare-up\"\u003eSeveral Killed in Eastern Ukraine Flare-Up\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt least seven people, including five civilians, were killed in a clash between government forces and separatist rebels in eastern Ukraine yesterday (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.dw.com/en/several-killed-amid-surge-in-violence-in-ukraine/a-43872111\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMay 22, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"eu-extends-sanctions-on-russian-over-ukraine\"\u003eEU Extends Sanctions on Russian Over Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Union extended sanctions against Russia for another six months over its annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its support to rebels the country’s eastern part. The sanctions included travel restrictions and asset freezes against 150 individuals and thirty-eight companies (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-eu/eu-extends-russia-sanctions-over-ukraine-crisis-idUSKCN1GO0YL\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-state-department-approves-missile-sale-to-ukraine\"\u003eU.S. State Department Approves Missile Sale to Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. State Department approved a proposed sale that will provide Ukraine with Javelin antitank missiles and associated launch units and hardware, as well as training, logistical, and technical assistance, in a deal worth about $47 million (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/us-state-department-approves-javelin-anti-tank-missile-sale-ukraine/29072069.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-leader-says-us-weapons-on-the-way\"\u003eUkrainian Leader Says U.S. Weapons on the Way\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresident Petro Poroshenko said a first delivery of lethal defensive weapons from the United States is expected to arrive within weeks and will include anti-sniper devices, air defense equipment, and electronic warfare tools (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-war-russia-not-frozen-but-a-battlefield-conflict/29068021.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"kyiv-passes-law-on-reintegration-of-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eKyiv Passes Law on Reintegration of Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine's parliament passed a law on defining areas seized by pro-Russian separatists as temporarily occupied by Russia and calling Russia an “aggressor” state. Moscow condemned the move, saying it could only be considered as preparation “for a new war” (\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42741778\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJanuary 19, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"break-in-ukraine-fighting-for-mass-prisoner-exchange\"\u003eBreak in Ukraine Fighting for Mass Prisoner Exchange\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian military and Moscow-backed separatists paused fighting yesterday for the exchange of nearly three hundred prisoners in total, in the first prisoner swap between the two sides in fifteen months (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42493270\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-approves-license-for-ukraine-to-buy-light-weapons\"\u003eU.S. Approves License For Ukraine To Buy Light Weapons\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States approved an export license for Ukraine to buy small arms from U.S. manufacturers, though it did not approve the sale of larger weapons, such as anti-tank missiles (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-us-approves-export-license-small-arms/28930667.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eR\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-us-approves-export-license-small-arms/28930667.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 21, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"war-escalates-in-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eWar Escalates in Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFighting in eastern Ukraine escalated sharply this week, with European observers and Western diplomats reporting the heaviest fighting in nearly a year after heavy artillery barrages broke out overnight yesterday (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/world/europe/ukraine-war-russia.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 20, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"tillerson-calls-on-russia-to-leave-ukraine\"\u003eTillerson Calls on Russia to Leave Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, meeting with his Russian counterpart in Vienna to discuss a proposed international peacekeeping force in Ukraine, said that Washington will not ease sanctions on Russia until Moscow stops backing separatists in Ukraine and reverses its apparent annexation of Crimea (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/tillerson-vows-no-warming-with-russia-until-it-leaves-ukraine/2017/12/07/2d1b8e0c-d7b6-11e7-9ad9-ca0619edfa05_story.html?utm_term=.f9292af87bb1\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-russia-agree-to-new-cease-fire\"\u003eUkraine, Russia Agree to New Cease-Fire\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRussia, France, Germany, and the United States have unanimously backed a Ukrainian proposal for a cease-fire in its eastern region. The deal is expected to take effect on at the start of Ukraine's school year (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-agree-new-cease-fire-start-school-year-august-23-poroshenko-putin-merkel-macron/28691620.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-special-envoy-to-ukraine-conflict-to-meet-with-russian-representative\"\u003eU.S. Special Envoy to Ukraine Conflict to Meet with Russian Representative\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. special envoy to the conflict in eastern Ukraine meets a Russian representative in Belarus (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-minsk-volker-meeting-russia-fighting/28687815.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"pentagon-and-state-department-propose-arming-ukraine\"\u003ePentagon and State Department Propose Arming Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pentagon and State Department have offered a plan that would provide Ukraine with defensive military equipment in order to deter Russia. The proposal requires White House approval (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/pentagon-offers-plan-to-arm-ukraine-1501520728\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWall Street Journal\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-envoy-united-states-considering-sending-arms-to-ukraine\"\u003eU.S. Envoy: United States Considering Sending Arms to Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe new U.S. envoy for ending the conflict in Ukraine, Kurt Volker, says the United States may send weapons to the Ukrainian government (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-volker-sending-arms-russia-conflict/28637079.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"germany-france-urge-cease-fire-in-ukraine\"\u003eGermany, France Urge Cease-Fire in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrance, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine have agreed on measures to reinforce a 2015 peace deal in Ukraine amid heightened conflict in the country's east. German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron warned of the potential for a \"humanitarian catastrophe\" and called for the withdrawal of all forces and heavy weaponry (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.politico.eu/article/france-germany-urge-ceasefire-in-ukraine-as-violence-flares/\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003ePolitico\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-separatists-claim-to-establish-new-country\"\u003eUkrainian Separatists Claim to Establish New Country\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe leader of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic announced the creation of a new country in Ukraine called Malorossiya in a move that may undermine the Minsk peace agreement (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/19/ukrainian-separatists-claim-to-have-created-a-new-country-malorossiya-or-little-russia/?utm_term=.ffdfbf8c39c7\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-police-block-second-cyber-attack\"\u003eUkrainian Police Block Second Cyber Attack\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian Interior Minister announced that cyber police blocked a second attack from the same source as the one that cripple Ukraine in late June (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/07/05/business/05reuters-cyber-attack-ukraine-minister.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 5, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"trump-meets-with-ukrainian-president\"\u003eTrump Meets With Ukrainian President\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresident Trump met with Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko and discussed U.S. support for the resolution of the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Washington also announced increased sanctions on Russia related to its actions in Ukraine (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40350065\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"un-human-rights-report-reveals-high-death-toll-from-ongoing-conflict-in-ukraine\"\u003eUN Human Rights Report Reveals High Death Toll From Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA United Nation report from February 16 to May 15, 2017, indicated a 48 percent increase in conflict-related civilian deaths and injuries compared to the previous reporting period, November 2016 to February 2017. A conservative estimate of the death toll is at 10,090 people since conflict in Ukraine erupted in April 2014 (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21730\u0026amp;LangID=E\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eUnited Nations\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"explosion-reported-at-us-embassy-in-kyiv\"\u003eExplosion Reported at U.S. Embassy in Kyiv\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn explosive device went off at the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv but did not cause any casualties, Ukrainian police said. The United States called the event a \"security incident\" and said it caused no damage or disruption (\u003ca href=\"https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-u-s-embassy-explosion-kyiv/28535162.html\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRadio Free Europe\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"united-states-urges-russian-cooperation-on-death-in-ukraine\"\u003eUnited States Urges Russian Cooperation on Death in Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA U.S. citizen working with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) died in an area of Ukraine controlled by Russian-backed separatists when the monitoring team’s vehicle struck a land mine. The U.S. State Department called on Russia to use its influence to allow the OSCE to conduct an investigation (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-osce-member-killed-mine-blast/28447060.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eRFE/RL\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"president-trump-campaign-manager-accused-of-money-laundering-from-ukrainian-party\"\u003ePresident Trump Campaign Manager Accused of Money Laundering from Ukrainian Party\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Ukrainian lawmaker released documents purporting to show that Paul Manafort, a former campaign manager to U.S. President Trump, laundered payments from the party of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/new-documents-say-trump-aide-hid-payments-from-pro-moscow-ukraine-party/2017/03/21/92ec85f2-0e11-11e7-9d5a-a83e627dc120_story.html?utm_term=.869e53bec26b\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWaPo\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-files-case-against-russia-with-un\"\u003eUkraine Files Case Against Russia With UN\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLawyers for Ukraine called on the International Court of Justice to order Russia to halt its support for pro-Russian separatists in the country’s east, which Russia denies (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-court-idUSKBN16C0ZO\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"after-lull-in-fighting-violence-picks-up-in-eastern-ukraine\"\u003eAfter Lull in Fighting, Violence Picks up in Eastern Ukraine\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eViolence in eastern Ukraine increase during the past few days, killing at least eight Ukrainian soldiers and three pro-Russian fighters. Both sides fought for the \"gray zone\" areas between the front lines (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/world/europe/eastern-ukraine-civil-war-russia.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"us-treasury-adds-to-russia-sanctions-for-crimea\"\u003eU.S. Treasury Adds to Russia Sanctions for Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Treasury blacklisted seven Russian individuals and eight companies for connections to what a Treasury official called Russia's \"unlawful occupation of Crimea and continued aggression in Ukraine.” Russia's deputy foreign minister called the designations a \"hostile move\" (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/20/world/europe/us-blacklists-15-russian-entities-linked-to-ukraine-and-crimea.html?ref=world\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 21, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-security-chief-calls-for-better-cyber-defense-against-russia\"\u003eUkraine Security Chief Calls for Better Cyber Defense Against Russia\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Ukrainian security chief said Ukraine needed to beef up its cyber defenses, citing recent attacks on government websites that he said originated in Russia. Ukraine's Finance and Defense ministries and State Treasury said their websites had been temporarily downed by attacks aimed at disrupting their operations (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2016/12/14/world/europe/14reuters-ukraine-crisis-cyber-russia.html?ref=world\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"peace-talks-on-ukraine-end-without-agreement\"\u003ePeace Talks on Ukraine End Without Agreement\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFour-way talks on ending a separatist conflict in eastern Ukraine finished without a breakthrough on November 29. German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said both Ukraine and Russia had hardened their positions and there was no political agreement in sight on holding local elections in Donbass, as demanded by Russia and the Kremlin-backed separatists (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN13O1FW\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 2, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-tests-missiles-near-crimea\"\u003eUkraine Tests Missiles Near Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a two-day missile drill, Ukraine launched surface-to-air missiles near the Crimean peninsula, prompting Russia to threaten to shoot the missiles down (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38166597\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukrainian-rebel-leaders-divided-by-leadership-purge\"\u003eUkrainian Rebel Leaders Divided by Leadership Purge\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGennady Tsypkalov was one of dozens of senior officials killed in a widespread purge of internal opposition figures in the Luhansk People’s Republic, a rebel-controlled rogue statelet (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/ukrainian-rebel-leaders-divided-by-bitter-purge/2016/10/03/2e0076ac-8429-11e6-b57d-dd49277af02f_story.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e). Analysts say this could lead to intensified clashes on the front line and may be linked to disputes over the control of lucrative smuggling channels through rebel-held territory between Russia and government-controlled Ukraine (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-war-russia-rebels-donbass-luhansk-donetsk-pointless-ceaseless/\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCBS News\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"panel-finds-mh-17-missile-came-from-russia\"\u003ePanel Finds MH-17 Missile Came From Russia\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Dutch-led investigation team found that the surface-to-air-missile that downed Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 over Ukraine was transported from and returned to Russia on the same night (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/world/asia/malaysia-air-flight-mh17-russia-ukraine-missile.html\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"ukraine-and-separatists-agree-to-troop-withdrawal\"\u003eUkraine and Separatists Agree to Troop Withdrawal\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ukrainian government and Russia-backed rebels agreed to a troop withdrawal from three fronts in eastern Ukraine in a bid to strengthen the truce that has reduced, but not ended, fighting in the region (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-and-russian-backed-rebels-agree-to-pullback-of-troops/a-19567017\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eDeutsche Welle\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-ukraine-tensions-rise-over-crimea\"\u003eRussia-Ukraine Tensions Rise Over Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUkraine put its troops on high alert (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://links.cfr.mkt5175.com/ctt?kn=19\u0026amp;ms=NTIwNDc1NzIS1\u0026amp;r=NTY5ODQwMzg0MjkS1\u0026amp;b=0\u0026amp;j=OTgyMTMwNjc5S0\u0026amp;mt=1\u0026amp;rt=0\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eCNN\u003c/a\u003e) as Russian President Vladimir Putin announced naval exercises in the Black Sea and discussed additional security measures in Crimea. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"russia-accuses-ukraine-of-terrorist-attack-in-crimea\"\u003eRussia Accuses Ukraine of Terrorist Attack in Crimea\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoscow accused Kyiv of carrying out armed incursions (\u003ca href=\"http://links.cfr.mkt5175.com/ctt?kn=6\u0026amp;ms=NTIwMzg2NjMS1\u0026amp;r=NTY5ODQwMzg0MjkS1\u0026amp;b=0\u0026amp;j=OTgxOTMyOTcxS0\u0026amp;mt=1\u0026amp;rt=0\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e) in Crimea on Wednesday, an accusation Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko denied. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"seven-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-in-restive-eastern-regions\"\u003eSeven Ukrainian Soldiers Killed in Restive Eastern Regions\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeven Ukrainian soldiers were killed and another fourteen wounded amidst clashes between government forces and pro-Russian separatists in the Donbass region of eastern Ukraine (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-casualties-idUSKCN0ZZ1DU\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eReuters\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"malaysia-airlines-settles-with-families-of-ukraine-crash-victims\"\u003eMalaysia Airlines Settles With Families of Ukraine Crash Victims\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA lawyer for Malaysia Airlines said the company had reached a deal to award damages to the families of those killed in a 2014 crash, which investigators based in the West have linked to Pro-Russia separatists in Ukraine. The crash killed all 298 people aboard (\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36822028\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch5 id=\"biden-talks-russia-tensions-with-ukrainian-eastern-european-leaders\"\u003eBiden Talks Russia Tensions With Ukrainian, Eastern European Leaders\u003c/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. President Joe Biden held separate calls with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and other Eastern European leaders in an effort to ease tensions due to Russia’s troop buildup on its border with Ukraine (\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ukrainebidenzelenskycall/2021/12/09/bbca0320-5905-11ec-9a18-a506cf3aa31d_story.html\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/a\u003e). The Associated Press reported that in order to implement a 2015 peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine, the United States would press Ukraine to formally cede some autonomy in part of its eastern Donbas region, which is currently controlled by Russia-backed separatists (\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-russia-ukraine-europe-vladimir-putin-8193787ec21ca2aded4a37fa325f07b5\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAssociated Press\u003c/a\u003e). Russian President Vladimir Putin said yesterday that the fighting between pro-Russia separatists and the Ukrainian army “looks like genocide” (\u003ca href=\"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/10/putin-says-conflict-in-eastern-ukraine-looks-like-genocide-a75780\" rel=\" noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(95, 99, 104);\"\u003eAgence France-Presse\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 0221\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e\n","hash_id":"2spPLdmrcJBz","author":"@CFR_CPA","reading_time":"49 min read","link_sharing":false,"archived":false,"favourited":true,"folder_id":5431,"tag_list":[]}